Abstract
Biological and surgical factors related to the design of implants and prosthetics directly interfere with bone remodeling, making it necessary to know them in order to obtain greater longevity in treatments with dental implants. The objective of this literature review was to analyze the main factors related to peri-implant bone maintenance. Pub-Med was used as a search platform for all articles and 42 were selected. The results showed that, when analyzed separately, the factors have little influence, but when combined they can significantly improve bone preservation and consequently increase the longevity of implant treatments. The conclusion was that the professional must know all the factors that interfere with bone remodeling to decide, even before implant installation, which factors are under his control, and thus have greater predictability in the treatments.
References
Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Glantz PO, Lindhe J. The mucosal attachment at different abutments. An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25(9):721–727.
Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. The mucosal barrier following abutment dis/reconnection. An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24(8):568–572.
Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Sekino S, Lindhe J. Tissue reactions to abutment shift: An experimental study in dogs. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5(2):82–88.
Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR. The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: A review and proposed criteria of success. J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1986;1(1):11-25.
Alves CC, Muñoz F, Cantalapiedra A, Ramos I, Neves M, Blanco J. Marginal bone and soft tissue behavior following platform switching abutment connection/disconnection - A dog model study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(9):983-991.
Atieh MA, Ibrahim HM, Atieh AH. Platform switching for marginal bone preservation around dental implants. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal. 2010;81(10):1350-1366.
Broggini N, Macmanus LM, Hermann JS, Medina RU, Oates TW, Schenk RK, et al. Persistent acute inflammation at the implant-abutment interface. J Dent Res. 2003;82(3):232–237.
Broggini N, Macmanus LM, Hermann JS, Medina R, Schenk RK, Buser D, et al. Peri implant inflammation defined by the implant-abutment interface. J Dent Res. 2006;85(5):473-478.
Canullo L, Genova T, Gross Trujillo E, Pradies G, Petrillo S, Muzzi M, et al. Fibroblast interaction with different abutment surfaces: In vitro study. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(6):1919.
Canullo L, Annunziata M, Pesce P, Tommasato G, Nastri L, Guida L. Influence of abutment material and modifications on peri-implant soft-tissue attachment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of histological animal studies. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;125(3):426-436.
Canullo L, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Soldini C, Mazzocco F, Penarrocha M, Covani U. Microbiological assessment of the implant-abutment interface in different connections: Cross-sectional study after 5 years of functional loading. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(4):426-434.
Caricasulo R, Malchiodi L, Ghensi P, Fantozzi G, Cucchi A. The influence of implant-abutment connection to peri-implant bone loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2018;20(4):653-664.
Castro DSM, Araujo MAR, Benfatti CAM, Araujo CRP, Piattelli A, Perroti V, et al. Comparative histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of marginal bone resorption around external hexagon and morse cone implants: An experimental study in dogs. Implant Dent. 2014;23(3):270-276.
Chen Z, Lin CY, Li J, Wang HL, Yu H. Influence of abutment height on peri-implant marginal bone loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(1):14-21.
Cruz RS, Lemos CAA, de Luna Gomes JM, Fernandes e Oliveira HF, Pellizzer EP, Verri FR. Clinical comparison between crestal and subcrestal dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prothest Dent. 2022;127(3):408-417.
de Freitas AR, Silva TSO, Ribeiro RF, de Albuquerque Junior RF, Pedrazzi V, do Nascimento C. Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments: 6-Month follow-up. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(6):2335–2343.
Degidi M, Daprile G, Piattelli A. Marginal bone loss around implants with platform-switched Morse-cone connection: A radiographic cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(9):1108–1112.
Dias ECLCM, Bisognin EDC, Harari ND, Machado SJ; Silva CP, Soares GDA, et al. Evaluation of implant-abutment microgap and bacterial leakage in five external-hex implant systems: An in vitro study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27(2):346-351.
Dias ECLCM, Sperandio M, Napimoga MH. Association between implant-abutment microgap and implant circularity to bacterial leakage: An in vitro study using tapered connection implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2018;33(3):505-511.
Herekar M, Sethi M, Mulani S; Fernandes A, Kulkami H. Influence of platform switching on periimplant bone loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Implant Dent. 2014;23(4):439-450.
Hermann JS, Schoolfield JD, Schenk RK, Buser D, Cochran DL. Influence of the size of the microgap on crestal bone changes around titanium implants. A histometric evaluation of unloaded non-submerged in the canine mandibles. J Periodontol. 2001;72(10):1372-1383.
Hsu YT, Lin GH, Wang HL. Effects of platform-switching on peri-implant soft and hard tissue outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral & Maxillofac Implants. 2017;32(1):9-24.
Koutouzis T. Implant‐abutment connection as contributing factor to peri‐implant diseases. Periodontology 2000. 2019;81(1):152–166.
Koutouzis T, Gholami F, Reynolds J, Lundgren T, Kotsakis GA. Abutment disconnection/reconnection affects peri-implant marginal bone levels: A meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2017;32(3):575-581.
Lin MI, Shen YW, Huang HL, Hsu JT, Fuh LJ. A Retrospective Study of Implant-Abutment Connections on Crestal Bone Level. J Dent Res. 2013;92(12 Suppl):202S-7S.
Linkevicius T, Apse P, Grybauskas S, Puisys A. The influence of soft tissue thickness on crestal bone changes around implants: A 1-year prospective controlled clinical trial. J Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2009;24(4):712-719.
Linkevicius T, Apse P, Grybauskas S, Puisys A. Influence of thin mucosal tissues on crestal bone stability around implants with platform switching: A 1-year pilot study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68(9):2272-2277.
Linkevicius T, Vaitelis J. The effect of zirconia or titanium as abutment material on soft peri-implant tissues: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2015;26:139–147.
Linkevicius T, Valantiejiene V, Alkimavicius J, Gineviciute E, Andrijauskas R, Linkeviciene L. The effect of a polishing protocol on the surface roughness of zirconium oxide. The Int J of Prosthodont. 2020;33(2):217–223.
Mihali SG, Wang HL, Karancsi O, Bratu EA. Internal hexagon versus conical implant abutment connections: Evaluation of 3-year postloading. J Oral Implantol. 2021, 47(6):485-490.
Montero, J. A review of the major prosthetic factors influencing the prognosis of implant. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):816.
Nascimento Cd, Pita MS, Santos Ede S, Monesi N, Pedrazzi V, Albuquerque Junior RF, et al. Microbiome of titanium and zirconia dental implants abutments. Dental Materials. 2016;32(1):93–101.
Oh TJ, Yoon J, Misch CE, Wang HL. The causes of early implant bone loss: Myth or science? J Periodontol. 2002;73(3): 322–333.
Palacios-Garzón N, Velasco-Ortega E, López-López J. Bone loss in implants placed at subcrestal and crestal level: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials (Basel). 2019:12(1):154.
Pellicer-Chover H, Diaz-Sanchez M, Soto-Peñaloza M, Peñarrocha-Diago MA, Canullo L, Peñarrocha-Oltra D. Impact of crestal and subcrestal implant placement upon changes in marginal peri-implant bone level. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2019;24(5):e673- e683.
Pieri F, Aldini NN, Marchetti C, Corinaldesi G. Influence of implant-abutment interface design on bone and soft tissue levels around immediately placed and restored single-tooth implants: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26(1):169-178.
Pozzi A, Tallarico M, Moy PK. Three-year post-loading results of a randomized, controlled, split-mouth trial comparing implants with different prosthetic interfaces and design in partially posterior edentulous mandibles. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2014;7(1):47-61.
Puisys A, linkevicius T. The influence of mucosal tissue thickening on crestal bone stability around bone-level implants. A prospective controlled clinical trial. Clin oral Implants Res. 2015;26(2):123–129.
Santiago Jr JF, de Souza Batista VE, Verri FR, Honório HM, de Mello CC, Almeida DA, et al. Platform-switching implants and bone preservation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral and Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45(3):332–345.
Sommer M, Zimmermann J, Grizel I, Stübinger S. Marginal bone loss one year after implantation: A systematic review of different loading protocols. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(1):121-134.
Strietzel FP, Neumann K, Hertel M. Impact of platform switching on marginal peri-implant bone level changes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2015;26(3):342-358.
Valles C, Rodríguez-Ciurana X, Clementini M, Baglivo M, Paniagua B, Nart J. Influence of subcrestal implant placement compared with equicrestal position on the peri-implant hard and soft tissues around platform-switched implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(2):555–570.
Welander M, Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T. The mucosal barrier at implant abutments of different materials. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19(7):635–641.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Larissa Costa Freitas, Thulio Rodrigues de Oliveira Elias, Fabíola Pessôa Pereira Leite, Fabricio Dutra Tebaldi