A RELAÇÃO ENTRE DERMATITE ATÓPICA E ALERGIAS ALIMENTARES EM CRIANÇAS: UMA ANÁLISE ABRANGENTE

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergies (FA) are interconnected conditions that affect a growing population, especially children. AD, characterized by chronic skin inflammation, often presents as the first manifestation of the allergic march, which can evolve into other allergic conditions, such as food allergies and asthma. The prevalence of AD has been increasing, particularly in urban areas where genetic and environmental factors converge, making it essential to understand its pathophysiological bases for the appropriate management of food allergies. This study is an integrative literature review conducted in August 2024, utilizing the databases PubMed and SciELO. The initial search yielded 173 articles, of which five were selected after applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring the relevance and quality of the information. The data analysis was organized into thematic categories, including an introduction to AD and FA, the pathophysiology of AD, clinical manifestations of food allergies, the impact of AD on the development of FA, diagnosis, evaluation of the relationship between AD and FA, treatment, and psychological aspects, quality of life, and prevention. The review highlights that AD is a common condition, affecting about 1 in 5 children, and that approximately one-third of children with moderate to severe AD also present food allergies. The main associated allergens include cow's milk, eggs, and wheat, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach in diagnosis and treatment. The study underscores the importance of skin barrier dysfunction in sensitization to food allergens, suggesting that early interventions, such as breastfeeding and manipulation of the microbiota, may be beneficial in preventing both conditions. Challenges in diagnosing food allergies are discussed, highlighting the necessity for specific tests and a detailed clinical history to determine the relationship between foods and the reported symptoms. The management of AD involves educating patients and families regarding skin hydration and the identification of triggering factors, as well as the exclusion of allergens from the diet in cases of food allergies. The conclusion of the study points to the need for ongoing collaboration between healthcare professionals, patients, and their families to ensure effective management. Continued research is vital to deepen the understanding of the interactions between AD and FA, thereby contributing to better prevention and treatment strategies aimed at the health and quality of life of affected individuals.