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Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and affects approximately 10% of women, especially those of reproductive age, and is symptomatic in up to 70% of cases. As it is a disease of multifactorial origin, it is difficult to obtain a conclusive diagnosis and effective treatment, which leads to a public health problem. Diagnosis is often delayed, mainly due to the absence of symptoms or their nonspecificity. This pathology is characterized by heterogeneity in clinical presentation with many different symptoms reported by patients. Among the most reported manifestations, the following stand out: dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Such manifestations can cause emotional, work and family harm in the woman's life. In order to avoid such repercussions, early diagnosis should be sought. Therefore, endometriosis should be suspected in the presence of the main clinical signs and with compatible alterations in imaging tests, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, in addition to the dosage of the CA-125 marker. However, the gold standard for defining the presence of the condition is the histopathological analysis of the lesion after laparotomy or laparoscopy. To treat women with endometriosis, it is necessary to be guided by the symptoms presented. Therapeutic management is done through drug interactions and, in some cases, surgeries to relieve symptoms. Therefore, in order to alleviate public health problems, such patients require specialized professionals, help from multidisciplinary teams and adequate care services. In view of this, in the last five years, significant advances have been made in both the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis, allowing a better understanding and management of the disease. This article reviews the current aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis with a focus on recent studies.
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