Impacto da Menopausa na Saúde Mental e Física: Uma abordagem multidisciplinar

Abstract

Introduction: Menopause is a significant transition in women’s lives, occurring typically between the ages of 48 and 50 and marked by the definitive cessation of menstruation. Although not a disease, menopause can bring symptoms and challenges that affect quality of life. This work aims to contextualize menopause in its physiological, mental, and physical dimensions, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary and humanized approach in managing symptoms. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted in August 2024, with searches in the PubMed and Scielo databases, using the descriptors "Menopause AND Mental Health AND Quality of Life." Eight articles were selected, of which two met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Additionally, relevant books such as *Williams Gynecology* and the *FEBRASGO Gynecology Treatise* were consulted, as well as the *Manual of Care for Women in the Climacteric/Menopause* by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (2008). The data were organized into thematic categories, including contextualization, physiology, impact on mental and physical health, and the multidisciplinary approach. Results: Menopause is a natural transitional phase that is not a pathology but presents challenges such as hot flashes and hormonal changes that affect mental and physical health. The review revealed that menopause can lead to vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbances, and significant emotional changes. Hormonal fluctuations can cause emotional instability and negative impacts on mental health, such as anxiety and depression. In physical health, hot flashes and reduced estrogen levels increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The importance of regular exercise and a balanced diet were highlighted as essential complementary strategies. Conclusion: Menopause, as a natural phase of aging, requires a careful and well-informed approach. The review highlighted the need for a multidisciplinary approach, integrating medicine, nutrition, psychology, and nursing, for holistic and personalized care. Humanization in care is crucial to promoting women’s well-being, and regular physical activity and a balanced diet are fundamental for effective symptom management. Healthcare professionals should collaborate to provide comprehensive and continuous support, respecting each woman’s individual needs during this significant transition.