Abordagens cirúrgicas em rinoplastia nas anomalias congênitas

Abstract

Rhinoplasty for congenital anomalies is a complex area of plastic surgery that requires advanced techniques to correct nasal deformities and improve respiratory function and facial aesthetics. This article aims to review contemporary surgical approaches, highlighting technological innovations and emerging techniques that have the potential to optimize clinical and aesthetic results in patients with congenital anomalies. An integrative literature review was carried out, with systematic searches in the PubMed, Scopus and Scielo databases, covering publications from the last 22 years, in Portuguese and English. Studies addressing specific surgical techniques for rhinoplasty in congenital anomalies, systematic reviews and case reports were included. Studies that did not meet the relevance criteria, such as those without full access or that did not focus on the specific topic, were excluded. Data extraction was carried out meticulously, focusing on surgical techniques, clinical results and technological innovations such as advanced suturing, the use of grafts and three-dimensional printing. The descriptors used were: Rhinoplasty, Congenital Abnormalities, Three-Dimensional Printing. The review identified several effective surgical approaches, including cutting-edge three-stage suturing techniques and the use of forehead flaps, which have been shown to significantly improve functional and aesthetic results in complex rhinoplasties. The application of three-dimensional printing was highlighted as a crucial innovation in the planning and simulation of surgeries, allowing for a more personalized approach. Comparative analysis of the techniques revealed specific advantages and limitations associated with each approach, providing valuable insights for clinical practice. Advances in surgical techniques and the integration of emerging technologies have the potential to transform the treatment of congenital anomalies in rhinoplasty. Personalization of surgical approaches, coupled with a detailed understanding of nasal anatomy, is key to achieving optimal results. Technological innovations such as 3D printing and improved suturing and grafting techniques are set to significantly improve both aesthetics and nasal function, offering new opportunities for clinical practice and future research.