Short bowel syndrome secondary to Crohn's disease: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Crohn's disease is defined as a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, which can affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, starting in the mouth and extending to the anus. As the disease develops, it can lead to serious complications, including obstructions intestinal damage, formation of fistulas, among others. In certain cases, such as clinical instability, extensive surgical interventions are indicated, such as resection of the small intestine, which may result in the patient losing more than 100 cm of intestine, leading to Short Bowel Syndrome. Even with advances in perioperative care, which have ensured greater safety in Crohn's disease surgery, there is evidence of the inevitability of its recurrence. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt an appropriate approach to managing Crohn's disease before it develops into complications that require invasive procedures. Methodology: This article consists of a systematic review of articles in the English language with the descriptors 'short bowel syndrome in Crohn's disease', 'short bowel syndrome' 'Crohn's disease and short bowel” and “Crohn's disease”, on the Pubmed, SciELO platforms and Google Scholar.  Results and Discussion: Given the possibilities of complications, SBS is the most common in CD control surgeries, causing loss of intestinal mass, mainly secondary to surgical resection of the small intestine or loss of function. The spectrum of disease is widely variable, from malabsorption of a single micronutrient to complete intestinal failure. The treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) will depend on the stage the patient is in after resection. Some surgical interventions allow increasing the area of​intestinal absorption and reducing intestinal transit and have been widely used today as an adjuvant treatment to nutrition. Conclusion: conclude that Crohn's disease is an inflammatory pathology, the etiology of which is not fully elucidated, involving genetic and environmental factors.