ANESTHESIA IN PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES: STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

Anesthesia in patients with comorbidities represents a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. These patients, who have additional medical conditions beyond the primary reason for surgery, are at increased risk of perioperative complications. The anesthetic approach in these cases requires a thorough and personalized assessment, considering the complexity of comorbidities and their interactions with anesthetic agents. Strategies such as detailed preoperative planning, appropriate choice of medications and intensive monitoring during and after the procedure are crucial to minimize risks and ensure patient safety. Objective: Explore the strategies and challenges involved in administering anesthesia to patients with comorbidities. Methodology: The research was conducted through online access to the databases Documentation on Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS), Health Sciences Information Center in Latin America and the Caribbean (Bireme), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) during the month of July 2024. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that the administration of anesthesia in patients with comorbidities requires a multidisciplinary and highly individualized approach. Detailed preoperative assessment, including the use of specific risk scales, is essential to identify possible complications and plan preventive interventions. Although there are significant challenges, implementing personalized protocols and collaboration between anesthesiologists, surgeons, and other healthcare professionals can substantially improve clinical outcomes in patients with comorbidities. However, the need for further research and continued development of specific guidelines is essential to further improve anesthesia practice in this population. Final Considerations:  In conclusion, detailed preoperative assessment, careful choice of anesthetic agents and strict monitoring are essential to ensure patient safety and well-being. The continuous evolution of anesthetic practices and protocols, combined with more research in the area, will be crucial to optimize the anesthetic management of this population.