CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FENTANYL OVERDOSE AND THE USE OF NALAXONE

Abstract

Since the late 1990s, the United States has faced a serious opioid crisis, worsened by the spread of fentanyl. This crisis has evolved in three waves: prescription opioid abuse, increased heroin use, and fentanyl-related deaths. The high potency and rapid action of fentanyl, along with its presence on the illicit market, make the treatment of overdoses difficult and require new therapeutic approaches. Naloxone, effective against other opioids, is less effective against fentanyl due to its complex pharmacokinetics and adverse effects. Recent studies suggest the need for higher doses of naloxone, close monitoring, and respiratory support to improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for more research to determine the optimal dosage of naloxone and evaluate new interventions. Adequate training of healthcare professionals and effective public policies are essential to combat the opioid crisis.