Fatores de risco e manifestações clínicas da pré-eclâmpsia: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

This article aims to describe the risk factors and clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia. This is an integrative review of the literature, which followed the review protocol that includes six stages, based on the following guiding question: What are the risk factors and clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia? Data collection was carried out in the following databases: LILACS through VHL-MS, SciELO, PUBMED/MEDLINE, with the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS/MeSH): Pre-Eclampsia; Proteinuria; Hypertension; Treatment; Signs and symptoms in Portuguese and English. The descriptors were crossed using the Boolean operators AND and OR. The inclusion criteria were: works in complete and free versions in Portuguese, English or Spanish, published between 2019 and 2023, that addressed the study theme. The exclusion criteria were duplicates or articles that did not answer the guiding question. Risk factors include prior personal history of pre-eclampsia, family history of pre-eclampsia, pre-existing health conditions such as hypertension, DM and autoimmune diseases. As for clinical manifestations, pre-eclampsia often presents with high blood pressure, edema, especially in the hands, feet and face, severe headaches, visual changes, such as blurred vision or sensitivity to light, and upper abdominal pain, indicative of possible liver disease. complications. These clinical symptoms are crucial for early diagnosis and adequate management of pre-eclampsia, aiming to prevent serious complications for the mother and baby. It is concluded that the integration of effective prenatal care, ongoing education of pregnant women, and the implementation of robust public policies are crucial to improving maternal and perinatal outcomes related to preeclampsia. In short, continued investments in research, education and healthcare are needed to address the challenges associated with pre-eclampsia and ensure a healthy and safe pregnancy for all women.