INCIDENCE OF LIVE BIRTH WITH VALVULOPATHY IN 2018-2022

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a functional and structural abnormality of the cardiovascular system that can compromise patients' survival and quality of life. Its etiology is associated with genetic syndromes and factors such as maternal diabetes, obesity, substance abuse, infectious diseases, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and placental abnormalities. Valvular changes, a form of acyanotic CC, are responsible for significant hospitalizations and complications, manifesting as stenosis (restriction of blood flow) or insufficiency (blood reflux). Objective: To analyze the incidence of live births with valvular heart disease in Brazil from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: The study refers to a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study, using data from the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System ( DATASUS), considering eight ICD Anomalies to encompass congenital valvular heart disease. Results: Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis was the most common, representing 31% of cases, with the years 2018 and 2022 showing the highest incidences (20% and 21%, respectively). Discussion: In Brazil, 28,900 children are born with congenital heart disease (CHD) annually, and 80% need heart surgery. Diagnosis and treatment in the first year of life are essential to avoid serious complications and early deaths, which affect 70% of patients before the age of 18. Limited access to specialized centers in the SUS contributes to neonatal deaths. Despite advances, children with CC face serious risks to their quality of life. In the United States, 5 out of every 1,000 newborns have cardiac malformations, with pulmonary stenosis being common. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for stronger public policies and investments in technology and professional training to improve the diagnosis and treatment of congenital valvular heart disease, reducing mortality and morbidity in Brazil.