Barriers to meeting Cervical Cancer screening goals in Brazil

Abstract

Cervical Cancer (CC) is characterized by the disordered replication of the organ's epithelium, compromising the underlying tissue and being able to invade nearby or distant structures, caused by variations of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), being the fourth most common neoplasm among women in Brazil. This research adopted a qualitative approach, with a synthesis of analysis of concepts and knowledge documented in the literature. The steps followed were: definition of the theme, formulation of the guiding question, establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria, search in the literature, outline of information to be extracted, evaluation of studies, interpretation of results and preparation of the integrative review. After the investigation, it became clear that several barriers hinder the effective screening of CC in Brazil, such as shame, fear, lack of active search, poor primary health infrastructure and low education. Added to this are mistaken beliefs about HPV vaccination and logistical problems in transporting the vaccine, aggravating this situation, reducing adherence to disease prevention. Therefore, to improve adherence to CC screening in Brazil, an integrated approach is essential that includes improving health infrastructures, continuous training of professionals and promotion of permanent and comprehensive educational campaigns. Secondly, health policies that address the socioeconomic and psychological barriers faced by women are fundamental to ensuring adequate preventive coverage. Only through coordinated and multifaceted action will it be possible to achieve screening goals and reduce the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer in the country.