Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The human skeleton can present several variations that occasionally require distinction from a pathological variation, the sternum bone is one of the parts with frequent variations seen in images, necropsies or in dry skeletons and one of the variations of this bone is the presence of the sternal foramen, located either in the body or in the xiphoid process or both. This foramen is an anatomical variation that has been well described in terms of morphological aspects, risk of inappropriate use in the practice of acupuncture and complications of puncture through it. The objective of our study was to analyze, in an Osteological Collection of the Faculty of Medicine of FAP-Araripina (PE), the prevalence of this foramen, its location and relate its presence with sexual dimorphism. We used a sample of 250 dry adult sternums, 160 male and 90 female. We classify the sterna into four types according to the presence or absence of the sternal foramen. Type 1, foramen absent; Type 2, foramen present in the body; Type 3, foramen present in the xiphoid process and Type 4, foramen present in both the body and the xiphoid process. After analyzing the data, we obtained the following results: in 92.8% of the sterna the foramen was absent (Type 1). Type 2 was found in 3.6% of cases, followed by Type 3 with 2.8% and Type 4 with just 0.8%. In males, the sternal foramen was more common. In view of the above, it is necessary to carry out more studies on our population, due to the large territorial area of Brazil and the great miscegenation that exists.
References
BABINSKI, M. A. Presença do forame esternal anômalo e a prática de acupuntura no meridiano extra. Fisiot. Brasil, v. 6, n. 1, p. 71-74, 2005.
BABINSKI, M. A. et al. High Prevalence of Sternal Foramen: Quantitative, Anatomical
Analysis and its Clinical Implications in Acupuncture Practice. Int. J. Morphol, v. 30, n. 3, p.1042-1049, 2012.
BORDONI, L.S. et al. Proposta de Estimativa do Perfil Biológico pela Análise do Esterno. Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics, v. 10, n. 4, p. 594-615, 2021.
DÂNGELO, J.G.; FATTINI, C.A. Anatomia Humana Sistêmica e Segmentar. 2ª ed. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2007.
DEMONDION, P. et al. Sternal replacement with a custom-made titanium plate after resection of a solitary breast cancer metastasis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg,
v.18, n.1, p. 145-7, 2014.
DOHMEN, P. Post-sternotomy mediastinitis after cardiac surgery. Med Sci Monit,
v.20, p. 59-60, 2014.
GKANTSINIKOUDIS, N. et al. Morphological approach of the sternal foramen: na anatomic study and a short review of the literature. Folia Morphol., v. 76, n.3, p. 484-490, 2017.
GOODMAN, L. et al. Computed tomography of the normal sternum. AJR, v.141, p. 219-223, 1983.
GRAY, H. et al. Gray: Anatomia. 37th ed. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, 1996.
HALVORSEN, T.B. et al. Fatal cardiac temponade after acupuncture through congenital sternal foramen. Lancet, p.345-1175, 1995.
KUZUCUOGLU, M.; ALBAYRAK, I. Topographic evaluation of sternal foramen patients withthoracic computed tomography. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, v. 42, p. 405-409, 2020.
McCORMICK, W.F.; NICHOLS, M.M. Formation and maturation of the human sternum-fetal period. Am J Forensic Med Pathol., v. 2, p.323-328, 1981.
PARASKEVAS, G. et al. Sternal foramina: incidence in Greek population, anatomy and clinical consideratios. Radiol. Anat., v.37, p.845-851, 2015.
PARASKEVAS, G.K.; TZIKA, M.; NATSIS, K. Double sternal foramina in a dried sternum: a rare normal variant and its radiologic assessment. Surg. Radiol. Anat., v. 38, n. 8, p.991-3, 2016.
PASIEKA, P. et al. Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16.666 subjects. Surg Radiol Anat., v.45, n.5, p. 623-635, 2023.
REBELO, A.C.S. et al. Prevalência e caracterização de forame no osso esterno humano. Revista UFG., v. 15, n. 15, p. 114-122, 2014.
SILVA, C.R.X et al. Avaliação morfométrica de esternos pertencentes a esqueletos humanos brasileiros identificados. Brazilian Journal of Development. v. 7, n. 8, p.81040-81054, 2021.
YEKELER E. et al. Frequency of Sternal Variations and Anomalies Evaluated by MDCT. AJR, v.186, p. 956-960, 2006.
YAMAMURA, Y; ESPER, R.S; CRICENTI, S.V. Sternal forame and acupoints Ren-17 (Shanzhong) and rEN-16 (Zhongting) of the extraordinary acupunture meridian Ren Mai. Rev Paul. Acup., v.2, p. 29-33, 1996.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Letícia Bento de Alencar, Nayanne Arruda Sousa, Giovanni Aldrin e Silva Alencar, Andielle Cegolini, Layane Maria Melo Reis, Ryann Christian Lima Teixeira, João Pedro Miranda Soeiro, Erasmo de Almeida Júnior, Émerson de Oliveira Ferreira