OBSTETRIC RISKS IN MULTIPLE PREGNANCY: APPROACHES TO REDUCE COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Multiple pregnancies, characterized by the presence of two or more fetuses, present a significant increase in obstetric risks for both the mother and the babies. Complications such as premature birth, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and gestational diabetes are more common in these situations. Reducing these risks requires a multidisciplinary and well-coordinated approach, which includes rigorous prenatal monitoring, appropriate medical interventions, nutritional and psychological support for the pregnant woman, as well as specific strategies for managing labor. The implementation of evidence-based protocols can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, promoting a safer and healthier pregnancy. Objectives: Investigate the obstetric risks associated with multiple pregnancies and evaluate different approaches to reduce maternal and fetal complications. Methodology: Data collection was conducted through the following databases: Nursing Database (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed, Latin American Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). Results and Discussions: The study identified that multiple pregnancies are associated with a significant increase in obstetric risks, such as premature birth, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes and intrauterine growth restriction. Interventions such as intensified prenatal monitoring, administration of corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation, and use of cervical cerclage have proven effective in reducing complications. The findings indicate that specialized and proactive management of multiple pregnancies is crucial to minimize risks. Implementing specific protocols, such as frequent prenatal consultations and regular ultrasound evaluation, can improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: In summary, multiple pregnancies present high obstetric risks, but the adoption of monitoring and early intervention strategies can significantly reduce maternal and fetal complications. Intensive care protocols and education of pregnant women are essential to improve health outcomes in this context.