Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Analysis of Dermatological and Oncological Aspects

Abstract

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer originating in the cells of blood and lymphatic vessels, closely associated with human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8). The epidemiology of KS varies significantly around the world, with a notably high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is often linked to AIDS and found endemically in children and the elderly. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of HHV-8 is high, and transmission occurs both from mother to child and between adults. The introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has reduced the incidence of KS in HIV-positive patients, but KS remains common in South African children. Clinically, KS presents with pinkish-purple spots on the skin, and can also affect mucous membranes and internal organs. The primary phase of HHV-8 infection is generally asymptomatic but can lead to severe symptoms in immunocompromised individuals. The diagnosis is confirmed through histopathology, identifying spindle cells and the presence of the HHV-8 LANA antigen. Clinically, KS presents with pinkish-purple spots on the skin, and can also affect mucous membranes and internal organs. The primary phase of HHV-8 infection is generally asymptomatic but can lead to severe symptoms in immunocompromised individuals. The diagnosis is confirmed through histopathology, identifying spindle cells and the presence of the HHV-8 LANA antigen.