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Abstract
The involvement of children by exanthematous disease is one of the most common conditions in medical practice, often imposing diagnostic difficulties. Several conditions can lead to rash, with infectious causes being responsible for more than 70% of episodes. Most rashes are self-limiting, however, the correct identification of the etiology is clinically important due to the severity and worsening of the prognosis in case of delay in diagnosis in some cases, and for public health, given the potential for contagion from infectious causes. The clinical nonspecificity of exanthematous diseases requires a systematic approach to their diagnosis that includes the collection of complete anamnesis and a broad and careful physical examination. These are the main instruments for diagnostic elucidation, also allowing guidance for laboratory diagnostic conduct. This article aims to describe the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of exanthemas, emphasizing that anamnesis and physical examination are the main tools to aid in the differential diagnosis and consequent management of patients affected by exanthematous disease in childhood.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Cleuma Regina Freitas de Almeida Pontes , Marina Barbieri Vaz de Melo , Larissa Abussafi Miranda, Arthur Lennon Nascimento Rubião , Maria Vitória Pedroni Cordeiro , Marina Wetzel Silveira , Jean Mariz Arêas , Laura Victória Sabino de Aguiar , Amanda Simões Vieira, Ramon Machado Avelar , Amanda Florentino do Nascimento , Rafaela Lacerda Brasileiro Vieira , Bruno Bessa Macedo de Castro, Luís Flávio de Amorim Paiva , Jamille Lessa Castro, Sara Escramozini Campos Merghe