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Abstract
The present work was proposed through a systematic review of the literature, clarifying dental surgeons and academics regarding the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Ludwig’s Angina as well as methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The systematic review of the literature was developed with a search for scientific articles in the PubMed database with descriptors: "Ludwig's Angina", "La Angina de Ludwig”, "Angina de Ludwig”, "Odontogenic Infections”, "infecciones odontogenicas” and "Infecções odontogênicas". After selecting nine articles, 1044 cases were analyzed and a statistic was compiled to compile the main features of Ludwig's Angina. Regarding gender, the prevalence was in the male (57.1%) and the most affected age group was 20-40 years (54.9% of the total cases analyzed) with a mean age of 33.4 years. As to the etiological factor, odontogenic infections were the most commonly found primary foci (60.1%). The most used antibiotic therapy was the association of Amoxicillin with clavulanate associated with Metronidazole, Streptococus Sp. and Staphylococcus Sp. were the most commonly found microorganisms. Diabetes Mellitus was the most commonly found systemic comorbidity. Studies reported that neck swelling (90%), neck pain (89%), trismus (50.4%), fever (42.3%), dysphagia (40.1%) and dyspnea (17.5%) were the most commonly encountered symptoms. Regarding the treatment, a large majority (84.08%) combined surgical and non-surgical procedures, the mortality rate ranged from 11.8 to 0%, with an average of 4.74%. Ludwig's Angina is a rapidly evolving septic facial cellulitis that if undiagnosed and properly treated can lead to death. Its main etiology is odontogenic and early diagnosis is essential to avoid serious systemic complications, so it is fundamental for the dentist to know its etiology, pathophysiology, means of diagnosis and treatment.
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