ACHADOS OCULARES PÓS VACINAÇÃO DA COVID-19: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, has had serious global consequences since its inception, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Faced with the limitation of long-term social distancing measures, there was a global mobilization to develop vaccines against SARS-COV-2. In this way, vaccines have been an ally in preventing and reducing health complications among the world's population. Furthermore, despite the benefits of the vaccine outweighing the possible risks, ocular manifestations secondary to the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine have been noted. The aim of this study is therefore to analyze the ocular findings following the Covid-19 vaccine, demonstrating the relationship between the vaccine and the appearance of ocular manifestations in previously healthy people and the worsening of comorbidities in the population with previous ocular pathologies. The research was carried out through an integrative literature review, based on searches in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), the National Library of Medicine of the United States of America (MEDLINE), the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and the Electronic Scientific Library Online (SciELO), using the descriptors "Signs and Symptoms" "Ophthalmopathies", "Ocular Manifestations" and "Covid-19 Vaccines". We considered articles available between 2019 and 2023, in English and Portuguese, which addressed the proposed theme and met all the inclusion criteria. Duplicate articles, those not available in full and those that met the other exclusion criteria were discarded. As a result, ocular adverse events such as conjunctivitis, scleritis, cranial nerve palsy, orbital inflammatory disease, herpetic eye disease, retinal vascular occlusion and posterior segment diseases were observed. The vaccine was also found to have an effect on patients with previous ocular pathologies, aggravating them. It was concluded from the study that post- immunization ocular reactions can occur, but the incidence rate is quite low and self-limiting. Although rare, it is important for health professionals to be aware of and alert to possible ocular findings following administration of the Covid-19 vaccine.