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Abstract
Introduction: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of pulsating headache, often unilateral, associated with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia. Objective: To evaluate the pathophysiology and management of migraine. Methodology: This is a bibliographic review that included original articles and systematic reviews in English and Portuguese, which addressed the pathophysiological and therapeutic components of migraine, published between 2012 and 2024, selected from the PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases. After careful selection, 21 articles were chosen to compose this bibliographic review. Results: Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by distinct phases. In the premonitory phase, hypothalamic activation occurs, resulting in symptoms such as photophobia, fatigue and increased appetite. The aura phase is marked by cortical spreading depression, involving neuronal depolarization and a decrease in electrical activity. During the headache phase, there is activation of the trigeminovascular system, leading to the release of neurotransmitters such as CGRP, which amplify pain. Migraine management involves preventive therapy with medications such as propranolol, antidepressants, botulinum toxin and topiramate in addition to acute treatments such as triptans and DHE. Considerations: The pathophysiology is broad and involves multiple mechanisms. Treatment involves preventive and abortive therapy aimed at relieving symptoms during attacks. Effective migraine management requires a personalized approach, taking into account the severity of the attacks, the patient's comorbidities and the individual response to the different treatments available.
References
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Copyright (c) 2024 Nayara Fernanda Amorim Madeiros Ribeiro, Paulo Vytor Cardoso Nobre, Ana Carolina Matiotti Mendonça, Camille Motta Machado , Alexandre Salomão de Braz Oliveira, Gustavo Fonseca Medina Pereira , Pedro Henrique Padilha da Cunha, Clara Vitória Braz Lima de Oliveira, Alícia Malta Brandão Nunes, Maria Luísa Vieira Cuyabano Leite, Celiany Rocha Appelt, Katherine Pinaud Calheiros de Albuquerque Melo