The can periodontal disease influence atherosclerosis? literature review.: revisión de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Over the years, the importance of periodontal medicine has grown as associations between Periodontal Disease (PD) and other non-infectious systemic diseases have been discovered and among these interactions we can mention Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Objectives: To update dentists and periodontists on the bidirectional relationship between PD and atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: The definition of the research question was: “Does periodontal disease have a systemic influence on cardiovascular disease atherosclerosis?”. Then, searches were performed on the platforms PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, using the descriptors "periodontal disease" AND "atherosclerosis" AND "cardiovascular disease". The inclusion criteria were articles published between 2010 and 2021, in Portuguese and English, which were available in full for reading, presenting considerations on the relationship of atherosclerosis with PD, being case-control studies, systematic review with or without meta-analysis, literature review, randomized clinical trials and case series. Discussion: Among the mechanisms proposed for this relationship, it is suggested that systemic inflammation seems to play an important role in periodontal pathogenesis, this systemic pro-inflammatory state arising from the presence of atherosclerotic plaques can trigger will result in a more aggressive reaction of the immune system causing a irreversible damage to the vascular lumen, allowing the migration of periodontal pathogens to the circulation. Conclusion: We conclude that PD can generate some interaction with cardiovascular diseases. Through this literature review we verified that periodontal pathogens will bind to atherosclerotic plaques causing an increase in the local and systemic pro-inflammatory state, resulting in more severe conditions.