ABDOMINAL WALL HERNIAS LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Inguinal hernia (IH) is a very common disease that affects millions of individuals in all parts of the world. As for its origin, it happens when there is a weakening or abnormal opening in the abdominal wall, which allows internal organs, especially the small intestine, to leave the abdominal cavity and move to the inguinal region. Inguinal hernia (IH) is one of the most common general surgery medical conditions, affecting both men and women, although it is more common in men. Its occurrence is greater in older people and is influenced by genetic factors. The prevalence of inguinal hernia varies around the world, but research indicates that it is a significant health problem globally. Diagnosis requires a thorough clinical analysis, including identifying signs such as a bulge in the groin and associated discomfort. Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or computed tomography, can be used to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the extent of the hernia. Treatment can be carried out conservatively, with regular monitoring, or surgically, depending on the severity of symptoms and the risk of complications. Hernia repair surgery, usually performed laparoscopically or open, is the standard treatment and aims to close the opening in the abdominal wall and reinforce it with synthetic material. The prognosis for IH after surgery is generally excellent, with low recurrence rates. However, the recovery phase after surgery can be different for each individual, and unusual complications, such as infections or persistent pain, may arise. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for a favorable outcome. Prevention includes reducing risk factors, such as avoiding excess weight, maintaining a healthy weight and taking due care when carrying out activities that increase pressure in the abdomen.