INCREASE OF OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: POSSIBLE FUTURE CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a health condition characterized by an increase in adipose tissue and has a multifactorial origin, influenced by biological, psychological, and socioeconomic factors. Over the past 30 years, this issue has emerged as a global concern, with increasing rates across all age groups and genders. In Brazil, overweight and obesity affect a significant portion of the population, with a higher incidence among individuals with lower income. Particularly worrying is the rise in obesity among children and adolescents, a trend observed in both developed and developing countries. Objective: This study aims to investigate and analyze the relationship between the increase of obesity in children and adolescents and possible future cardiovascular complications. Methodology: An integrative literature review methodology was adopted, using the PICo strategy for formulating the directed question. Articles published in the last ten years in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were included. Critical analysis of the existing literature allowed the identification of risk factors, prevention and intervention strategies, as well as knowledge gaps. Results and Discussion: The review revealed a worrying increase in childhood obesity worldwide, with obese children and adolescents at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Factors such as parental and youth eating behavior significantly influence this trend. Prevention strategies, such as promoting healthy eating and encouraging physical activity, have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of obesity and cardiovascular complications.Conclusion: Given the alarming increase in childhood obesity and its significant impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, it is crucial to adopt preventive interventions and effective management strategies. Public policies, education and awareness programs targeted at parents and caregivers, and coordinated actions across different sectors are essential to combat this epidemic and ensure a healthier future for children and adolescents.