The epidemiological profile of Dengue in Goiás, Brazil, between 2014 and 2024

Abstract

Dengue, an acute febrile disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, persists with a high incidence in Brazil and globally, causing recurrent epidemics in Goiás. Control measures such as entomological research and environmental management have failed to contain the disease's progression and its increasing complications, resulting in considerable financial and social costs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the epidemiological and vector indicators of the disease in Goiás between 2014 and 2024. The methodology employed is a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical, and retrospective study with quantitative data analysis. Dengue cases notified in Goiás between 2014 and 2024 were analyzed using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of DATASUS. Variables considered included year of notification, virus serotype, clinical evolution, diagnostic test, gender, and gestational trimester for pregnant women. It is observed that dengue incidence fluctuated over time, influenced by public health interventions, climate changes, and population behaviors. The significant increase in cases in 2015 is associated with the emergence of other arboviruses similar to dengue. Among the four virus serotypes, DEN-1 was the most prevalent, and most cases in Goiás presented mild symptoms. Furthermore, there is a higher incidence in women. Thus, the importance of integrated and evidence-based approaches for effective dengue control in Goiás is emphasized, aiming to reduce both the disease's incidence and its social, economic, and public health consequences.