CONNECTIONS BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOME AND BRAIN HEALTH

Abstract

The relationship between the gut microbiome and brain health has emerged as a fascinating area of ​​research, revealing complex interactions that transcend traditional boundaries between the digestive system and the nervous system. This interconnection, known as the gut-brain axis, influences not only gastrointestinal health but also plays a crucial role in cognitive and emotional functions. This dynamic link between gut microbial composition and brain health opens new perspectives for therapeutic interventions and mental health promotion strategies. Objectives: Explore the interconnection between the gut microbiome and brain health, identifying how the composition and function of the microbiota directly impact neurobiological processes. Methodology: The articles found were read, through observation, the articles were subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria, within the inclusion criteria, original articles were considered, which addressed the topic researched and allowed full access to the content of the study, published in the period 2016 to 2024, in Portuguese and English. The research was carried out through online access to the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) databases in February 2024. Results and Discussions:  The significant influence of the intestinal microbiome on brain health, without the use of animal models. Reduced microbial diversity, associated with neuropsychiatric conditions, has been observed to correlate with an increase in cortisol levels and inflammation in individuals with severe depressive disorder, emphasizing the importance of microbiota-gut-brain balance. Furthermore, clinical evidence indicates that specific diets, such as the Mediterranean, play a crucial role in promoting microbial diversity and reducing depressive symptoms in humans. The connection between the gut-brain axis was emphasized, highlighting the importance of practices such as meditation in regulating stress and its beneficial influence on the microbiota. Conclusion: In short, we deepen our understanding of the intricate connections between the gut microbiome and brain health. The results highlight the relevance of these interactions in modulating neuropsychiatric conditions, opening the door to innovative therapeutic interventions. Without disregarding the complexity of the topic, the therapeutic strategies explored, from supplementation to dietary modulation, promise to contribute significantly to the promotion of mental health.v