OPIOIDS: OVERDOSE MANAGEMENT, AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Abstract

Introduction: Opiates are substances derived from the poppy plant, whose site of action is the opioid receptors. Opioids include substances, natural or synthetic, endogenous or exogenous, which also interact with opioid receptors, such as mu, kappa, delta and sigma, present throughout the body, generating manifestations in various systems. This study aims to address the pathophysiology and management of thermal burns. Methods: In the literature review, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were consulted, using the descriptors "opioid overdose", "diagnosis" and "management", resulting in 600 studies. Of these, 18 were selected for their relevance to the topic and publication in English or Portuguese. Results: Chronic use of opioids can induce use disorder, characterized by persistent craving, increased tolerance and withdrawal syndrome. Overdose occurs due to hyperstimulation of the opioid pathway, either by intentional increase or developed tolerance. During overdose, signs include hypothermia, bradycardia and limited response or unconsciousness, making witness reports and analysis of the environment vital. Pre-hospital management includes naloxone administration, airway protection and support, while the hospital environment follows the ABCDE protocol, with higher doses of naloxone and additional diagnostic procedures. Conclusion: Due to the epidemic that has become opioid overdose, it is necessary for health professionals to be prepared to deal with such an occurrence.