GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE: PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

In this literature review, the general objective is to provide a comprehensive and updated analysis of the pathophysiological aspects and treatment of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD). The specific objectives seek to present a critical discussion of the results found to inform health professionals and contribute to more effective approaches in the management of this clinical condition, in addition to increasing awareness about GTD and improving emotional and psychosocial support for women facing this disease. GTD is a rare but serious condition that requires accurate diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach. The main initial detection methods are serum hCG measurement and ultrasound, with histopathological analysis of endometrial biopsy necessary for diagnostic confirmation. The type of DTG identified is crucial in determining the most appropriate therapeutic approach. Treatment involves surgery to remove the molar placenta in complete hydatidiform moles and chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma and trophoblastic tumor of the placental site, generally presenting positive results with high remission and cure rates, although long-term follow-up is essential to detect recurrences. and complications. In addition to the pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects, emotional and psychological support is essential throughout the treatment and recovery process, considering the significant impact on patients' emotional health. Knowledge gaps were identified in the reviewed literature, highlighting the need for additional research to deepen the understanding of GTD, including risk factors, pathogenesis, more accurate biomarkers and new therapeutic approaches, in order to improve the management and prognosis of the disease. In conclusion, this bibliographical review contributes to the knowledge of GTD, highlighting its characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to ensure adequate care, considering clinical, emotional and practical aspects of patients, in addition to encouraging new research to improve the care of these women facing this complex condition.