Comparative analysis of incidence, mortality, and public investments in tuberculosis: a study between cascavel and paraná from 2019 to 2022

Abstract

This study presents a detailed comparative analysis of the incidence, treatment, mortality, and public investment related to tuberculosis (TB) in the city of Cascavel compared to the State of Paraná, using information obtained from DATASUS and a theoretical foundation of relevant scientific articles in the field. Tuberculosis, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, remains one of the most lethal infectious diseases, being considered a "neglected calamity," especially in vulnerable populations affected by social inequalities. According to an epidemiological bulletin issued by the Ministry of Health, the death rate from tuberculosis per 100,000 inhabitants was 2.1 in 2020 and 2.2 in 2019, which compared to 2011 (2.3) does not represent a significant improvement in the epidemiological situation of the disease in the country. Transmission occurs through the air and is caused by the etiological agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, when people with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze, or speak. M. tuberculosis has virulence mechanisms that allow its survival and intracellular replication, inhibiting the fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome and avoiding its destruction. The therapeutic management of active TB involves the use of polychemotherapy with multiple antituberculosis drugs. The objective of this work is to compare the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of TB between Cascavel and Paraná, seeking information on its incidence, mortality, and the necessary public investment for the outcome.