Keywords
HPV
Cervical cancer
Molecular diagnosis
How to Cite
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the Papilomaviridae family and demonstrates a great genetic variability, currently having more than 200 viral types. Among them, some have a strong association with cervical cancer, the third most common type in women. Given the relevance of this topic, the objective of the research was to describe the viral structure, classifications, diseases associated with the infection, methods of detection and prevention. Scientific materials was analyzed from a digital platforms (Pubmed and Scielo), government websites and books and it was found that there are HPV classified as high and low-risk genotypes according to their oncogenic potential. Among the viruses considered of high-risk, the most frequent are genotypes 16 and 18, and it is possible to highlight that combinations between genotypes have been found in cervical cancers. It is possible that deregulation of the expression of the E6 and E7 genes would be associated with the manifestations of cancer. Cervical premalignant neoplasia has a significant impact on public health and changes in cells and cytopathological effects caused by HPV can be observed through the Papanicolaou test, which is provided by the Unified Health System (SUS). In addition, several molecular tests have been developed for the identification of viral DNA, besides vaccines as prophylaxis instruments. It is concluded, therefore, that there is a clear association between HPV infections and many types of cancer and the cervical cancer is the most discussed. Therefore, is relevant an in-depth study on the subject. It is also noteworthy that early detection and the search for medical assistance are essential for a good prognosis for this neoplasm.
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