STUDY OF CASES OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS AND AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL AND THE USE OF HERBAL MEDICINES IN THEIR TREATMENT

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic infectious disease, often asymptomatic, affecting mammals with an emphasis on dogs as the main reservoirs. Transmitted by sandflies of the Lutzomya or Phlebotomus genus, its prevalence is linked to poor sanitation conditions, predominantly in urban areas, especially in the Northeast region of Brazil. American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL), also zoonotic, has socioeconomic impacts nationwide, with clinical diversity requiring specific approaches. Recent studies explore the therapeutic potential of plants, while the use of medicinal plants in traditional practice lacks research in Brazil. Botanical knowledge aims to understand the effectiveness of these practices. This study conducted a systematic literature review on Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Northeast region, utilizing databases such as Scielo, LILACS, and PUBMED, with specific descriptors like "Visceral Leishmaniasis," "Northeast," "American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis," and "Phytotherapeutics." Research on medicinal plants for treating American Tegumentary and Visceral Leishmaniasis shows promise. Identifying bioactive compounds and understanding their mechanisms of action are crucial for developing safe and effective therapies. Interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, phytotherapists, and healthcare professionals is vital to translate these findings into practical solutions for the control and treatment of these neglected diseases.