INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS: MECHANISMS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

Infective endocarditis is a complex and potentially serious cardiovascular condition characterized by inflammation of the endocardium, the inner layer of the heart. This inflammation is usually triggered by the presence of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, that invade the cardiac surface. This infection can compromise valve functionality and lead to serious complications. Objectives: Comprehensively address the underlying mechanisms, effective diagnostic methods, and available treatment options. Methodology: Analytical reading of articles with the theme of the theme was carried out, upon reading the articles were subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria, within the inclusion criteria original articles were considered, which addressed the topic researched and allowed full access to the content of the study, published from 2015 to 2023. The research was carried out through online access in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed, Latin American Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) in the month of January 2024. Results and Discussions: The mechanisms underlying infective endocarditis involve the colonization and invasion of microorganisms in the endocardium, triggering a local inflammatory response. Accurate identification of infectious agents is crucial, highlighting bacterial diversity and the importance of blood cultures to guide treatment. In terms of diagnosis, technological advances such as transesophageal echocardiography have played a significant role in the early detection of valve vegetations. However, the clinical complexity and challenges in patients with subtle manifestations highlight the continued need for improved diagnostic methods. Conclusion: Infective endocarditis is a serious condition that involves inflammation of the inner layer of the heart. Its mechanisms are often linked to the presence of bacteria in the blood. Diagnosis is challenging, but tests such as blood cultures and echocardiograms are essential. Treatment involves the use of long-term antibiotics and, in some cases, surgery. A multidisciplinary approach and prevention are crucial to effectively deal with this potentially lethal disease.