Therapeutic Management of Burned Patients: Literature Review

Abstract

Burns are traumatic wounds resulting from thermal, chemical, electrical or radioactive agents that compromise vital skin functions. In Brazil, they constitute one of the main external causes of death, alongside transport accidents and homicides. An integrative review was carried out, using the Google Scholar database with the following descriptors “Burn”, “Pain Management”, “Therapeutic Indication”. In which 8 articles were selected from 1,710, published in English and Portuguese from 2019 to 2024. The main author conducted the analysis, with disagreements resolved between the authors. WHO estimates indicate 300,000 annual deaths from burns globally. In Brazil, one million people suffer burns annually, with young adults being the most vulnerable, mainly in domestic or work environments. The classification of burns, extent of the affected area and treatment are fundamental for the best therapeutic management, given that pain is a prevalent complaint that is difficult to control in these patients. Protocols vary, and wound care, hydration, and pain management are challenges. Different therapies, including agents such as silver sulfadiazine and essential fatty acids, show promising results. Surgical treatment aims to remove compromised tissues, contributing to effective healing. The study reinforces the importance of medical knowledge in the management of burns and its relevance to public health.