Robótica Cirúrgica: Estado da Arte e Perspectivas Científicas

Abstract

Surgical robotics marks a significant advance in medicine, introducing precision and efficiency to surgical procedures. This innovation offers notable benefits, such as performing minimally invasive procedures, reducing the risks of cuts and incisions, less pain and accelerated recovery. Furthermore, robotics enhances surgical capabilities, providing a three-dimensional and expanded view of the operative field, facilitating real-time data collection and analysis. And the evolution of surgical robotics has accelerated with the integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, improving data analysis and surgical planning. However, challenges persist, such as high implementation and maintenance costs and the need for specialized training for surgeons. Much is also needed to debate and evolve from an ethical and regulatory point of view, to keep up with technological advances, especially in relation to responsibility for failures or errors. This article presents the state of the art of robotic surgery, highlighting some examples and applications, technical limitations, operational and cost challenges, ethical and regulatory considerations, and perspectives for the area. It also presents scientific perspectives combined with some general observations that can guide researchers in crucial areas with little scientific or innovation research carried out. Such advances will transform the role of surgeons and improve outcomes for patients, reducing costs and making robotic surgery more democratized.