Perfil epidemiológico da toxoplasmose gestacional no estado do Amazonas: Toxoplasmose gestacional no Amazonas

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy and its potentially tragic outcome for the fetus and newborn continue to occur in Brazil, despite being preventable. Gestational toxoplasmosis in the state of Amazonas emerges as a complex challenge, intrinsically linked to the unique characteristics of this region. The Amazon, with its vast biodiversity and unique ecosystems, presents a favorable scenario for interaction between humans, animals, and the etiological agent. In this sense, understanding risk factors and highlighting the most vulnerable populations is crucial for more efficient interventions. The objective of this work was to analyze the prevalence and epidemiological profile of cases of gestational toxoplasmosis in the state of Amazonas from 2019 to 2022. This is a descriptive, quantitative, and retrospective study, which analyzed cases of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in the state of Amazonas, in the period between 2019 and 2022. All data were extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) database, available on the platform of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The frequency of gestational toxoplasmosis in Amazonas showed an increasing trend. According to SINAN, Brazil registered, from 2019 to 2022, 435 cases. Sociodemographic data demonstrated that in Amazonas, cases of gestational toxoplasmosis showed a significant increase in the last five years, with the infection predominating in brown women aged between 20 and 39 years. Furthermore, infections were more prevalent in the second trimester of pregnancy. Our results suggest that socioeconomic factors, social vulnerability and limited access to information may contribute to the risk of developing gestational toxoplasmosis.