ADVANCES IN ANESTHESIA FOR PEDIATRIC HEART SURGERY, AN OVERVIEW.

Abstract

Introduction: This study proposes a comprehensive review of advances in anesthesia for pediatric cardiac surgery, exploring recent practices and significant contributions to the field. Specific attention is given to anesthetic techniques, perioperative complications, and relevant clinical outcomes. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of the literature, covering the last 20 years, based on publications found in the PubMed, SCIELO and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. The search strategy used DeCS descriptors, including "Pediatric Anesthesia", "Pediatric Heart Surgery" and "Anesthetic Management in Congenital Heart Diseases". Original studies, systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials that directly addressed anesthetic practices and perioperative outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgeries were included. Results: Analysis of studies revealed valuable insights into early extubation, impact of anesthetic techniques on serum troponin levels, anesthesia-related cardiac arrests, management of pediatric heart disease patients in non-cardiac surgeries, and effects of early extubation after pediatric cardiac surgery . Furthermore, considerations about the use of dexmedetomidine, alveolar recruitment and failure in ventilatory weaning enriched the analysis. Conclusion: The diversity of advances in anesthesia for pediatric cardiac surgeries stands out, providing a holistic view of contemporary practices. Critical analysis of results suggests promising trends, identifies areas for improvement, and highlights the continued importance of research to optimize the safety and effectiveness of these crucial procedures in pediatric patients.