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Recently, the use of energy drinks has been increasing among young people, adults and athletes. As a result of this increase, the negative effects of these drinks on human health are becoming more apparent. These drinks contain high levels of carbohydrates and caffeine. The pH level of energy drinks (2.5-3.5) is quite low. Frequent and excessive consumption of these drinks causes dental erosion, dental caries and damage to restorative materials. In order to reduce these effects, individuals should be informed about the negative effects on human and oral health and the use of these drinks should be reduced. In addition, experimental, clinical and laboratory studies should be conducted to examine the effects of energy drinks on human and oral health in larger populations. In this article, it is aimed to provide up-to-date information on the effects of energy drinks on oral health and teeth and methods of protection from these effects.
Referências
REFERENCES
Babu KM, Church RJ, Lewander W. Energy Drinks: The New Eye-Opener For Adolescents. Clin Ped Emerg Med. 2008;9:35-42
Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF, Carpenter-Aeby T, Barber-Heidal K. A survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students. Nutr J. 2007;6:35. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-6-35
Ballistreri MC, Corradi-Webster CM. Consumption of energy drinks among physical education students. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2008;16 Spec No:558-564. doi:10.1590/s0104-11692008000700009
Sahin MA, Karayigit R. 4. Assessment of Effects of Sports and Energy Drinks on Sports Performance and İts Role in Sports Nutrition. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2020-74320
Blomstrand E. Amino acids and central fatigue. Amino Acids. 2001;20(1):25-34. doi:10.1007/s007260170063
Bowtell JL, Gelly K, Jackman ML, Patel A, Simeoni M, Rennie MJ. Effect of different carbohydrate drinks on whole body carbohydrate storage after exhaustive exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;88(5):1529-1536. doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1529
Arria AM, O'Brien MC. The "high" risk of energy drinks. JAMA. 2011;305(6):600-601. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.109
Sipahi H, Sömez İ, Aydin A. Energy drink and effects on human health: review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci. 2014;3(1):39-46.
Van den Eynde F, Van Baelen PC, Portzky M, Audenaert K. The effects of energy drinks on cognitive performance. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2008;50(5):273-281.
Alsunni AA. Energy Drink Consumption: Beneficial and Adverse Health Effects. İnt J Health Sci (Qassim). 2015;9(4):468-474.
Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Saygi G, Altay Nİ, Eren MM, Yucel T. Effects of energy and sports drinks on tooth structures and restorative materials. World J Stomatol 2016;5(1): 1-7.
Fletcher EA, Lacey CS, Aaron M, Kolasa M, Occiano A, Shah SA. Randomized Controlled Trial of High-Volume Energy Drink Versus Caffeine Consumption on ECG and Hemodynamic Parameters. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(5):e004448. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004448
Turnagöl HH, Aktitiz S, Korur DC, Kuru D. Consumption of sports and energy drinks in different sports branches and their effects on performance. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences. 2020;31(1):29-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.669792
Türken T, Erge HS. Enerji İçecekleri. Gida Mühendisliği Dergisi. 2017;42:70-75.
Wilson RE, Kado HS, Samson R, Miller AB. A case of caffeine-induced coronary artery vasospasm of a 17-year-old male. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2012;12(2):175-179. doi:10.1007/s12012-011-9152-9
Berger AJ, Alford K. Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated "energy drinks". Med J Aust. 2009;190(1):41-43. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02263.x
Dikici S, Yilmaz Aydin L, Kutlucan A, Ercan N. What do we know about energy drinks? Dicle Med J. 2012;39(4):609-613.
Arpaci N, Tosun S, Ersoy G. Sports and energy drink consumption of physical education & sports students’ and their knowledge about them. Ovidius University Annals, Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health Series. 2010;10:732-736.
Campbell B, Wilborn C, La Bounty P, et al. İnternational Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: energy drinks. J İnt Soc Sports Nutr. 2013;10(1):1. Published 2013 Jan 3. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-1
Lussi A, Megert B, Shellis RP, Wang X. Analysis of the erosive effect of different dietary substances and medications. Br J Nutr. 2012;107(2):252-262. doi:10.1017/S0007114511002820
Lussi A, Schlueter N, Rakhmatullina E, Ganss C. Dental erosion--an overview with emphasis on chemical and histopathological aspects. Caries Res. 2011;45 Suppl 1:2-12. doi:10.1159/000325915
Hicks J, Garcia-Godoy F, Flaitz C. Biological factors in dental caries enamel structure and the caries process in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 2) [published correction appears in J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004 Spring;38(3):214]. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004;28(2):119-124. doi:10.17796/jcpd.28.2.617404w302446411
Özel E, Gökce K. SPORT DRİNKS AND DENTAL EROSİON. Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 2006; Suppl:14-17.
Arnauteanu C, Andrian S, İovan G, Georgescu A, Stoleriu S. On the erosive effect of some beverages for sportsmen upon dental enamel. İnternational J Med Dent. 2015;5(2):143-147.
Morgado M, Ascenso C, Carmo J, Mendes JJ, Manso AC. pH analysis of still and carbonated bottled water: Potential influence on dental erosion. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022;8(2):552-560. doi:10.1002/cre2.535
Jensdottir T, Bardow A, Holbrook P. Properties and modification of soft drinks in relation to their erosive potential in vitro. J Dent. 2005;33(7):569-575. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2004.12.002
Yikilgan İ, Kilic HS. Dental caries and dental hard tissues. Turkiye Klinikleri J Restor Dent-Special Topics 2016;2(1):5-8.
Delgado AJ, Dias Ribeiro AP, Quesada A, et al. Potential erosive effect of mouthrinses on enamel and dentin. Gen Dent. 2018;66(3):75-79.
Owens BM, Kitchens M. The erosive potential of soft drinks on enamel surface substrate: an in vitro scanning electron microscopy investigation. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007;8(7):11-20. Published 2007 Nov 1.
Adhani R, Sukmana Bİ, Suhartono E. Effect pH on demineralization dental erosion. İnternational Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications. 2015;6(2):138-141.
Milosevic A. Dietary acids--a risk to dental health? British Food Journal. 2004;106(6):457-464.
Kirzioglu Z, Yetis CC. Dental erosion in childiren and preventive practices. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2015;Suppl 10:81-90.
Civelek A, Özel E. Dental erositon and its differential diagnosis. Gazi Üniv. Diş. Hek. Fak. Derg. 2005;22(1):69-74.
Moynihan P, Petersen PE. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7(1A):201-226. doi:10.1079/phn2003589
Atilla E, Eden E. Dental erosion: etiology, diagnosis and management. EÜ Dişhek Fak Derg. 2011;33(2):56-63.
Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Analyses of the Erosive Effect of Dietary Substances and Medications on Deciduous Teeth. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0143957. Published 2015 Dec 23. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143957
Jaeggi T, Lussi A. Toothbrush abrasion of erosively altered enamel after intraoral exposure to saliva: an in situ study. Caries Res. 1999;33(6):455-461. doi:10.1159/000016551
Davis WB, Winter PJ. Dietary erosion of adult dentine and enamel. Protection with a fluoride toothpaste. Br Dent J. 1977;143(4):116-119. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4803957
Attin T, Siegel S, Buchalla W, Lennon AM, Hannig C, Becker K. Brushing abrasion of softened and remineralised dentin: an in situ study. Caries Res. 2004;38(1):62-66. doi:10.1159/000073922
Kaye G. The Effects of Sports drinks on teeth. The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. 2017;10(2):52-55.
Kakouris VM, Rahiotis C, Paximada C, Piagkou M. Systematic review and metanalysis of the in vitro studies examining the erosive effect of energy drinks consumption on dental tissues. European Journal of Dental and Oral Health 4(1):4-9. doi: 10.24018/ejdent.2023.4.1.215
Jeong M, Jeong S, Son J, Chung S, Kim R, Kang E, et al. Study on the enamel erosion caused by energy drinks. J Dent Hyg Sci. 2014;14(4):597-609.
Silva JG, Martins JP, de Sousa EB, et al. İnfluence of energy drinks on enamel erosion: İn vitro study using different assessment techniques. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(11):e1076-e1082. doi:10.4317/jced.57788
Goel İ, Navit S, Mayall SS, Rallan M, Navit P, Chandra S. Effects of carbonated drink and fruit juice on salivary pH of children: An in vivo study. İnternational Journal of Scientific Study. 2013;01(03):60-69.
Al Anazi W, Elsherif G, El Firt E. The effect of energy drinks on teeth hypersensitivity. Egyptian Dental Journal. 2017;63(1): 615-624. doi: 10.21608/edj.2017.75010
Pinto SC, Bandeca MC, Silva CN, Cavassim R, Borges AH, Sampaio JE. Erosive potential of energy drinks on the dentine surface. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:67. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-6-67
Ertas E, Güler AU, Yücel AC, Köprülü H, Güler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater 2006;25:371-376.
Al-Samadani KH. Effect of energy drinks on the surface texture of nanoflled composite resin. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14(5):830-835. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1411
AlSarheed M, Salama F (2021) Effect of Energy Drinks on Color Stability of Different Restorative Materials. İnt J Dent Oral Health 7(5). doi: 10.16966/2378-7090.369
Öztürk M. ,Erbas M. SİTRİK ASİT ÜRETİMİ VE SAFLAŞTIRILMASI. GIDA. 2021; 46(2): 296-310
Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Saygi G, Altay Nİ, Eren MM, Yucel T. Effects of energy and sports drinks on tooth structures and restorative materials. World J Stomatol 2016;5(1): 1-7.
Burato EM, Andrade L, Rath İBS, Tames DR. Evaluation of the erosive potential of the Brazilian sport drinks to the dental hard tissues. Rev ABO Nac. 2002;10:109-112.
Meurman JH, Härkönen M, Näveri H, Koskinen J, Torkko H, Rytömaa İ, Järvinen V, Turunen R. Experimental sports drinks with minimal dental erosion effect. Scand J Dent Res. 1990;98:120-128.
Abu-Bakr N, Han L, Okamoto A, İwaku M. Changes in the mechanical properties and surface texture of compomer immersed in various media. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;84:444-452.
Valinoti AC, Neves BG, da Silva EM, Maia LC. Surface degradation of composite resins by acidic medicines and pH-cycling. J Appl Oral Sci. 2008;16:257-265.
Kocanali B, Topaloglu A, Cogulu D. Evaluation of the dental caries risk factors in children. The Journal of Pediatric Research. 2014;1(2):76-9 doi: 10.4274/jpr.46220
Cege EE, Akal N. Evaluation of the effect of genetic factors on dental caries. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;12.():135-141. doi: 10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1184104
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REFERENCES
Babu KM, Church RJ, Lewander W. Energy Drinks: The New Eye-Opener For Adolescents. Clin Ped Emerg Med. 2008;9:35-42
Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF, Carpenter-Aeby T, Barber-Heidal K. A survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students. Nutr J. 2007;6:35. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-6-35
Ballistreri MC, Corradi-Webster CM. Consumption of energy drinks among physical education students. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2008;16 Spec No:558-564. doi:10.1590/s0104-11692008000700009
Sahin MA, Karayigit R. 4. Assessment of Effects of Sports and Energy Drinks on Sports Performance and İts Role in Sports Nutrition. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2020-74320
Blomstrand E. Amino acids and central fatigue. Amino Acids. 2001;20(1):25-34. doi:10.1007/s007260170063
Bowtell JL, Gelly K, Jackman ML, Patel A, Simeoni M, Rennie MJ. Effect of different carbohydrate drinks on whole body carbohydrate storage after exhaustive exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;88(5):1529-1536. doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1529
Arria AM, O'Brien MC. The "high" risk of energy drinks. JAMA. 2011;305(6):600-601. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.109
Sipahi H, Sömez İ, Aydin A. Energy drink and effects on human health: review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci. 2014;3(1):39-46.
Van den Eynde F, Van Baelen PC, Portzky M, Audenaert K. The effects of energy drinks on cognitive performance. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2008;50(5):273-281.
Alsunni AA. Energy Drink Consumption: Beneficial and Adverse Health Effects. İnt J Health Sci (Qassim). 2015;9(4):468-474.
Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Saygi G, Altay Nİ, Eren MM, Yucel T. Effects of energy and sports drinks on tooth structures and restorative materials. World J Stomatol 2016;5(1): 1-7.
Fletcher EA, Lacey CS, Aaron M, Kolasa M, Occiano A, Shah SA. Randomized Controlled Trial of High-Volume Energy Drink Versus Caffeine Consumption on ECG and Hemodynamic Parameters. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(5):e004448. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004448
Turnagöl HH, Aktitiz S, Korur DC, Kuru D. Consumption of sports and energy drinks in different sports branches and their effects on performance. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences. 2020;31(1):29-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.669792
Türken T, Erge HS. Enerji İçecekleri. Gida Mühendisliği Dergisi. 2017;42:70-75.
Wilson RE, Kado HS, Samson R, Miller AB. A case of caffeine-induced coronary artery vasospasm of a 17-year-old male. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2012;12(2):175-179. doi:10.1007/s12012-011-9152-9
Berger AJ, Alford K. Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated "energy drinks". Med J Aust. 2009;190(1):41-43. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02263.x
Dikici S, Yilmaz Aydin L, Kutlucan A, Ercan N. What do we know about energy drinks? Dicle Med J. 2012;39(4):609-613.
Arpaci N, Tosun S, Ersoy G. Sports and energy drink consumption of physical education & sports students’ and their knowledge about them. Ovidius University Annals, Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health Series. 2010;10:732-736.
Campbell B, Wilborn C, La Bounty P, et al. İnternational Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: energy drinks. J İnt Soc Sports Nutr. 2013;10(1):1. Published 2013 Jan 3. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-1
Lussi A, Megert B, Shellis RP, Wang X. Analysis of the erosive effect of different dietary substances and medications. Br J Nutr. 2012;107(2):252-262. doi:10.1017/S0007114511002820
Lussi A, Schlueter N, Rakhmatullina E, Ganss C. Dental erosion--an overview with emphasis on chemical and histopathological aspects. Caries Res. 2011;45 Suppl 1:2-12. doi:10.1159/000325915
Hicks J, Garcia-Godoy F, Flaitz C. Biological factors in dental caries enamel structure and the caries process in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 2) [published correction appears in J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004 Spring;38(3):214]. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004;28(2):119-124. doi:10.17796/jcpd.28.2.617404w302446411
Özel E, Gökce K. SPORT DRİNKS AND DENTAL EROSİON. Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 2006; Suppl:14-17.
Arnauteanu C, Andrian S, İovan G, Georgescu A, Stoleriu S. On the erosive effect of some beverages for sportsmen upon dental enamel. İnternational J Med Dent. 2015;5(2):143-147.
Morgado M, Ascenso C, Carmo J, Mendes JJ, Manso AC. pH analysis of still and carbonated bottled water: Potential influence on dental erosion. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022;8(2):552-560. doi:10.1002/cre2.535
Jensdottir T, Bardow A, Holbrook P. Properties and modification of soft drinks in relation to their erosive potential in vitro. J Dent. 2005;33(7):569-575. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2004.12.002
Yikilgan İ, Kilic HS. Dental caries and dental hard tissues. Turkiye Klinikleri J Restor Dent-Special Topics 2016;2(1):5-8.
Delgado AJ, Dias Ribeiro AP, Quesada A, et al. Potential erosive effect of mouthrinses on enamel and dentin. Gen Dent. 2018;66(3):75-79.
Owens BM, Kitchens M. The erosive potential of soft drinks on enamel surface substrate: an in vitro scanning electron microscopy investigation. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007;8(7):11-20. Published 2007 Nov 1.
Adhani R, Sukmana Bİ, Suhartono E. Effect pH on demineralization dental erosion. İnternational Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications. 2015;6(2):138-141.
Milosevic A. Dietary acids--a risk to dental health? British Food Journal. 2004;106(6):457-464.
Kirzioglu Z, Yetis CC. Dental erosion in childiren and preventive practices. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2015;Suppl 10:81-90.
Civelek A, Özel E. Dental erositon and its differential diagnosis. Gazi Üniv. Diş. Hek. Fak. Derg. 2005;22(1):69-74.
Moynihan P, Petersen PE. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7(1A):201-226. doi:10.1079/phn2003589
Atilla E, Eden E. Dental erosion: etiology, diagnosis and management. EÜ Dişhek Fak Derg. 2011;33(2):56-63.
Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Analyses of the Erosive Effect of Dietary Substances and Medications on Deciduous Teeth. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0143957. Published 2015 Dec 23. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143957
Jaeggi T, Lussi A. Toothbrush abrasion of erosively altered enamel after intraoral exposure to saliva: an in situ study. Caries Res. 1999;33(6):455-461. doi:10.1159/000016551
Davis WB, Winter PJ. Dietary erosion of adult dentine and enamel. Protection with a fluoride toothpaste. Br Dent J. 1977;143(4):116-119. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4803957
Attin T, Siegel S, Buchalla W, Lennon AM, Hannig C, Becker K. Brushing abrasion of softened and remineralised dentin: an in situ study. Caries Res. 2004;38(1):62-66. doi:10.1159/000073922
Kaye G. The Effects of Sports drinks on teeth. The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. 2017;10(2):52-55.
Kakouris VM, Rahiotis C, Paximada C, Piagkou M. Systematic review and metanalysis of the in vitro studies examining the erosive effect of energy drinks consumption on dental tissues. European Journal of Dental and Oral Health 4(1):4-9. doi: 10.24018/ejdent.2023.4.1.215
Jeong M, Jeong S, Son J, Chung S, Kim R, Kang E, et al. Study on the enamel erosion caused by energy drinks. J Dent Hyg Sci. 2014;14(4):597-609.
Silva JG, Martins JP, de Sousa EB, et al. İnfluence of energy drinks on enamel erosion: İn vitro study using different assessment techniques. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(11):e1076-e1082. doi:10.4317/jced.57788
Goel İ, Navit S, Mayall SS, Rallan M, Navit P, Chandra S. Effects of carbonated drink and fruit juice on salivary pH of children: An in vivo study. İnternational Journal of Scientific Study. 2013;01(03):60-69.
Al Anazi W, Elsherif G, El Firt E. The effect of energy drinks on teeth hypersensitivity. Egyptian Dental Journal. 2017;63(1): 615-624. doi: 10.21608/edj.2017.75010
Pinto SC, Bandeca MC, Silva CN, Cavassim R, Borges AH, Sampaio JE. Erosive potential of energy drinks on the dentine surface. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:67. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-6-67
Ertas E, Güler AU, Yücel AC, Köprülü H, Güler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater 2006;25:371-376.
Al-Samadani KH. Effect of energy drinks on the surface texture of nanoflled composite resin. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14(5):830-835. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1411
AlSarheed M, Salama F (2021) Effect of Energy Drinks on Color Stability of Different Restorative Materials. İnt J Dent Oral Health 7(5). doi: 10.16966/2378-7090.369
Öztürk M. ,Erbas M. SİTRİK ASİT ÜRETİMİ VE SAFLAŞTIRILMASI. GIDA. 2021; 46(2): 296-310
Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Saygi G, Altay Nİ, Eren MM, Yucel T. Effects of energy and sports drinks on tooth structures and restorative materials. World J Stomatol 2016;5(1): 1-7.
Burato EM, Andrade L, Rath İBS, Tames DR. Evaluation of the erosive potential of the Brazilian sport drinks to the dental hard tissues. Rev ABO Nac. 2002;10:109-112.
Meurman JH, Härkönen M, Näveri H, Koskinen J, Torkko H, Rytömaa İ, Järvinen V, Turunen R. Experimental sports drinks with minimal dental erosion effect. Scand J Dent Res. 1990;98:120-128.
Abu-Bakr N, Han L, Okamoto A, İwaku M. Changes in the mechanical properties and surface texture of compomer immersed in various media. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;84:444-452.
Valinoti AC, Neves BG, da Silva EM, Maia LC. Surface degradation of composite resins by acidic medicines and pH-cycling. J Appl Oral Sci. 2008;16:257-265.
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