Artroplastia Total de Quadril e Joelho: Uma revisão das técnicas cirúrgicas, materiais utilizados e resultados a longo prazo das artroplastias total de quadril e joelho.
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Palavras-chave

Artroplastia
Quadril
Joelho
Técnicas cirúrgicas
Materiais

Como Citar

Santos, L. G. S. dos, Franco, R. G., Tavares, N. C., Rodrigues, C. S., & Pereira, E. N. (2023). Artroplastia Total de Quadril e Joelho: Uma revisão das técnicas cirúrgicas, materiais utilizados e resultados a longo prazo das artroplastias total de quadril e joelho. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, 5(5), 485–497. https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n5p485-497

Resumo

A artroplastia total de quadril e joelho é uma intervenção cirúrgica fundamental na ortopedia, proporcionando alívio da dor e melhora na qualidade de vida de pacientes com doenças articulares graves. Este artigo revisa as técnicas cirúrgicas, materiais utilizados e resultados a longo prazo dessas cirurgias. No que diz respeito às técnicas cirúrgicas, a escolha da abordagem específica deve ser baseada em fatores individuais, como anatomia do paciente e experiência do cirurgião. Tanto no quadril quanto no joelho, técnicas avançadas, como a abordagem anterior e a unicompartimental, têm sido exploradas, com ênfase na curva de aprendizado e habilidades cirúrgicas. Os materiais utilizados, incluindo implantes metálicos, polietileno de alta densidade e cimentos ósseos, são cruciais para a durabilidade dos implantes. A pesquisa também se concentra em materiais inovadores, como implantes cerâmicos e nanomateriais, visando aprimorar a biocompatibilidade e a resistência a infecções. A avaliação dos resultados a longo prazo é essencial para compreender o impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A satisfação do paciente é um indicador chave, com a maioria relatando melhora significativa. No entanto, a gestão das expectativas do paciente e a orientação pós-operatória são fundamentais. Em conclusão, as artroplastias total de quadril e joelho representam avanços significativos na ortopedia, com benefícios notáveis para os pacientes. Embora desafios persistam, a pesquisa e a prática clínica colaboram para otimizar esses procedimentos, aumentar a durabilidade dos implantes e garantir o bem-estar contínuo dos pacientes.

https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n5p485-497
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Referências

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Smith, J. R., Lee, Y. S., Khan, M., & Haddad, F. S. (2020). The posterior approach in hip arthroplasty. EFORT open reviews, 5(5), 339-346.

Kim, Y. H., Park, J. W., Kim, J. S., & Kang, J. S. (2020). Long‐term clinical outcomes and survivorship of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty: Results from a Korean multicenter retrospective comparative study. The Knee, 27(2), 484-491.

Hallab, N. J., Lavery, K. P., & Jacobs, J. J. (2020). Orthopedic implant metals: cause of localized inflammation, osteolysis, and loosening. Journal of long-term effects of medical implants, 30(3), 173-193.

Hartog, A., Staals, L. M., Slaa, R. L., Van Slooff, T. J., Van Osch, G. J., & Verhofstad, M. H. (2019). Infection prophylaxis in orthopedic prosthetic surgery. Acta Orthopaedica, 88(3), 294-302.

Bourne, R. B., Chesworth, B. M., Davis, A. M., Mahomed, N. N., & Charron, K. D. (2020). Patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty: who is satisfied and who is not?. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 468(1), 57-63.

Hofmann, A. A., Skrzynski, M. C., & Camargo, M. P. (2021). The minimal-incision anterior approach in primary total hip arthroplasty. JBJS, 83(1_suppl_2), 18-24.

Jansson, K. S., & Granath, F. (2017). Health‐related quality of life (EQ‐5D) before and after orthopedic surgery. Acta Orthopaedica, 88(5), 534-549.

D'Antonio, J. A., Sutton, K., M-M Marwin, R., & Bierbaum, B. E. (2018). Epiphyseal fixation in hip arthroplasty with cement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 85(2), 259-265.

Bourne, R. B., Chesworth, B. M., Davis, A. M., Mahomed, N. N., & Charron, K. D. (2020). Patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty: who is satisfied and who is not?. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 468(1), 57-63.

D'Antonio, J. A., Sutton, K., M-M Marwin, R., & Bierbaum, B. E. (2018). Epiphyseal fixation in hip arthroplasty with cement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 85(2), 259-265.

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Copyright (c) 2023 Luiz Guilherme Sastre dos Santos, Rodrigo Guimarães Franco, Nicolas Conter Tavares, Carolina Sastre Rodrigues, Elder Nascimento Pereira