COVID-19: O QUE MUDOU NOS ATENDIMENTOS ODONTOLÓGICOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2025v7n4p1139-1162Palavras-chave:
: Covid-19; Odontologia; Desinfecção; Controle de infecçõesResumo
O surgimento do SARS-CoV-2 trouxe desafios significativos para a Odontologia, especialmente por se tratar de uma profissão que exige proximidade física entre o profissional e o paciente, além da produção constante de aerossóis durante os procedimentos. Esses fatores aumentam o risco de transmissão de doenças infecciosas, especialmente em ambientes como consultórios odontológicos, onde as principais vias de contágio – boca, nariz e olhos – ficam constantemente expostas. Diante desse cenário, tornou-se essencial investigar estratégias eficazes de prevenção da contaminação cruzada, como o uso de enxaguatórios bucais antivirais, métodos de desinfecção de superfícies e a atualização dos equipamentos de proteção individual. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrônica na base de dados PubMed, com artigos publicados até agosto de 2020, utilizando os termos “Covid-19” + “Dentistry” e “SARS-CoV-2” + “Dentistry”. Inicialmente, foram encontrados 537 estudos. Após análise de títulos e resumos, 92 foram selecionados, e, desses, 67 apresentaram relação direta com o escopo da revisão. Os resultados demonstraram que o peróxido de hidrogênio a 1% e a iodopovidona a 0,2% foram os enxaguatórios bucais mais eficazes na redução da carga viral. Já na desinfecção de superfícies, soluções à base de álcool e hipoclorito mostraram efeito significativo na inativação do vírus. Esses achados reforçam a importância de medidas preventivas rigorosas na rotina odontológica. A implementação de protocolos baseados em evidências científicas, aliada à disseminação de orientações claras aos profissionais da área, é fundamental para reduzir os riscos de contaminação e, consequentemente, controlar a curva de infecção no ambiente clínico.
Downloads
Referências
Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-7.
Maffia F, Fontanari M, Vellone V, Cascone P, Mercuri LG. Impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice: a worldwide survey. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(6):827-35.
Fallahi HR, Keyhan SO, Zandian D, Kim SG, Cheshmi B. Being a front-line dentist during the Covid-19 pandemic: a literature review. MaxillofacPlastReconstrSurg. 2020 Apr24;42(1):12.
Xian Peng, XinXu, Yuqing Li, Lei Cheng, Xuedong Zhou, Biao Ren Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practic. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12: 9.
Sabino-Silva R, Jardim ACG, Siqueira WL. Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(4):1619-21. doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03248-x.
Fini MB. Oral saliva and COVID-19. Oral Oncol. 2020;108:104821. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.10482.
Spagnuolo G, De Vito D, Rengo S, Tatullo M. COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview on Dentistry. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):2094. doi:10.3390/ijerph17062094.
Santosh TS,Parmar R, Anand H, Srikanth K, Cureus MS. A Review of Salivary Diagnostics and Its Potential Implication in Detection of Covid-19. 2020 Apr; 12(4):e7708.
Ge ZY, Yang LM, Xia JJ, Fu XH, Zhang YZ. Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry. J Zhejiang UnivSci B. 2020 May;21(5):361-8.
Guo J, Xie H, Liang M, Wu H. COVID-19: a novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for oral healthcare. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(6):2137-8. doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03291-8.
Zhao Z, Gao D.Precaution of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020 Apr; 58(3): 250-3.
Wilkins T, Gillies RA, Davies K. EMBASE versus MEDLINE for family medicine searches: can MEDLINE searches find the forest or a tree? CanFamPhysician. 2005 Jun; 51:848-9.
Falagas ME, Pitsouni EI, Malietzis GA, Pappas G. Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: strengths and weaknesses. FASEB J. 2008 Feb;22(2):338-42.
Kelly L, St Pierre-Hansen N. So many databases, such little clarity: Searching the literature for the topic aboriginal. CanFamPhysician. 2008 Nov;54(11):1572-3.
Hamid H, Khurshid Z, Adanir N, Zafar MS, Zohaib S. COVID-19 Pandemic and Role of Human Saliva as a Testing Biofluid in Point-of-Care Technology. Eur J Dent. 2020 Jun 3. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1713020.
Gugnani N, Gugnani S. Safety protocols for dental practices in the COVID-19 era. Evid Based Dent. 2020 Jun;21(2):56-57. doi: 10.1038/s41432-020-0094-6.
Vinayachandran D, Saravanakarthikeyan B. Salivary diagnostics in COVID-19: Future research implications. J Dent Sci. 2020 Apr 23. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.006.
Han P, Ivanovski S. Saliva-Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak.2020 May 9;10(5):290. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10050290.
To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, et al Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):565-74. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196.
Kohn WG, Collin AS, Cleveland JL, Harte JA, Eklund KJ, Malvitz DM, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2003). Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings--2003. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Dec 19;52(RR-17):1-61.
Wadia R. Transmission routes of COVID-19 in the dental practice. BrDent J.2020 Apr;228(8):595. doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1547-1.
Carrouel F, Conte MP, Fisher J, et al COVID-19: A Recommendation to Examine the Effect of Mouthrinses with β-Cyclodextrin Combined with Citrox in Preventing Infection and Progression. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):1126. doi:10.3390/jcm9041126.
Fini MB.What dentists need to know about COVID-19. Oral Oncol. 2020 Jun; 105:104741. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104741.
Gugnani N, Gugnani S. Safety protocols for dental practices in the COVID-19 era. Evid Based Dent. 2020 Jun;21(2):56-57. doi: 10.1038/s41432-020-0094-6.
Maffia F, Fontanari M, Vellone V, Cascone P, Mercuri LG. Impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice: a worldwide survey. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(6):827-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.04.015.
American Dental Association. ADA Interim Guidance for Minimizing Risk of COVID-19 Transmission. Available from: https://www.ada.org/~/media/CPS/Files/COVID/ADA_COVID_Int_Guidance_Treat_Pts.pdf. Accessed May 10, 2020.
Martínez Lamas L, Diz Dios P, Pérez Rodríguez MT, et alIs povidone iodine mouthwash effective against SARS-CoV-2? First in vivo tests. Oral Dis. 2020;10.1111/odi.13526. doi:10.1111/odi.13526.
Zhou R, Li F, Chen F, et al Viral dynamics in asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;96:288-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.030.
Chin AWH, Chu JTS, Perera MRA, et al Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions. Lancet Microbe. 2020;1(1):e10. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30003-3.
Bidra AS, Pelletier JS, Westover JB, Frank S, Brown SM, Tessema B. Comparison of In Vitro Inactivation of SARS CoV-2 with Hydrogen Peroxide and Povidone-Iodine Oral Antiseptic Rinses. J Prosthodont. 2020 Jun 30:10.1111/jopr.13220. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13220. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32608097; PMCID: PMC7361576.
Marui VC, Souto MLS, Rovai ES, Romito GA, Chambrone L, Pannuti CM. Efficacy of preproceduralmouthrinses in the reduction of microorganisms in aerosol: A systematic review. J AmDent Assoc. 2019;150(12):1015-26.e1. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2019.06.024.
Yoon JG, Yoon J, Song JY, et al Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(20):e195. doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e195.
Jorge AOC. Princípios de Biossegurança em Odontologia. RevBiociên. 2002:8(1):7-17.
Silva CRG, Jorge AOC. Avaliação de desinfecção de superfície utilizada em Odontologia. PesquiOdontol Bras. 2002;16(2):107-14.
Martins-Filho PR, de Gois-Santos VT, Tavares CSS, de Melo EGM, do Nascimento-Júnior EM, Santos VS. Recommendations for a safety dental care management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2020;44:e51. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2020.51.
Rabenau H.F, Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, Preiser W, Doerr HW. Stabilityandinativationof SARS Coronavírus. MedMicrobiolImmunol. 2005;194:1-6.
Ortega KL, Camargo AR, Franco JB, Azul AM, Sayáns MP, Silva PHB. SARS-CoV-2 anddentistry. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Jun 5:1-2.doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03381-7.
Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(3): 246-51.
Duan SM, Zhao XS, Wen RF, et al Stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and environment and its sensitivity to heating and UV irradiation. Biomed Environ Sci. 2003;16(3):246-55.
Lai M.Y, Cheng P.K, Lim W.W. Sobrevivência de Coronavírus com síndrome respiratória aguda grave. Clin. Infectar. Dis. 2005;41:67-71.
Chen YC, Huang LM, Chan CC, Su CP, Chang SC, Chang YY, Chen ML, Hung CC, Chen WJ, Lin FY, et al SARS in Hospital EmergencyRoom. EmergInfectDis. 2004 May; 10(5):782-8.
Dowell SF, Simmerman JM, Erdman DD, et al Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on hospital surfaces. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(5):652-657. doi:10.1086/422652.
Yuen JW, Chung TW, Loke AY. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination in bedside surfaces of a hospital ward and the potential effectiveness of enhanced disinfection with an antimicrobial polymer surfactant. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(3):3026-41. doi:10.3390/ijerph120303026.
Chigurupati R, Panchal N, Henry AM, Batal H, Sethi A, D'innocenzo R, Mehra P, Krishnan DG, Roser SM. Considerations for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in COVID-19 Era: Can We Sustain the Solutions to Keep Our Patients and Healthcare Personnel Safe? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020 May 24;78(8):1241-56.
Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(3): 246-51.
Rutala W.A, Weber D.J, HICPAC. Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2008.
Suchomel M, Eggers M, Maier S, Kramer A, Dancer SJ, Pittet D. Evaluation of World Health Organization-Recommended Hand Hygiene Formulations.EmergInfectDis. 2020;26(9):2064-8. doi:10.3201/eid2609.201761.
Busato CA, Cavazzola AS, Ortega AOL, Guaré RO, Neto AS. The use of sodium hypochlorite for toothbrushes decontamination: in vitro study. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2015 Dec;44(6):335-9. doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.04214.
Pereira SSP, Oliveira HM, Turrini RNT, Lacerda RA. Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite in hospital environmental surfaces in the reduction of contamination and infection prevention: a systematic review. Rev Esc Enferm USP.·2015;49(4):681-8.
Bhanushali P, Katge F, Deshpande S, Chimata VK, Shetty S, Pradhan D. COVID-19: Changing Trends and Its Impact on Future of Dentistry. Int J Dent. 2020;2020:1-6.
Block MS, Rowan BG. Hypochlorous Acid: A Review. J Oral MaxillofacSurg. 2020;78(9):1461-6. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.029.
Long RH, Ward TD, Pruett ME, Coleman JF, Plaisance MC Jr. Modifications of emergency dental clinic protocols to combat COVID-19 transmission. Spec Care Dentist. 2020;40(3):219-26. doi:10.1111/scd.12472.
Geller C, Varbanov M, Duval RE. Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies. Viruses. 2012;4(11):3044-68.
Boyce JM, Guercia KA, Sullivan L, Havill NL, Fekieta R, Kozakiewicz J, Goffman D. Prospective cluster-controlled crossover trial to compare the impact of an improved hydrogen peroxide disinfectant and a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant on surface contamination and health care outcomes. Am J Infect Control. 2017;45(9):1006-10.
Barbosa ASAA, Carneiro GS, Repullio LF, Silveira M, Silva SMUR, Vilani-Moreno FR. Efficacy of ethyl alcohol and quaternary ammonium in hospital medical equipment disinfection. RevEpidemiol Controle Infecç. 2018 Out-Dez;8(4):409-14.
Enwemeka CS, Bumah VV, Masson-Meyers DS. Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: A perspective. J PhotochemPhotobiol B. 2020;207:111891. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111891.
Lo Giudice R. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr28;17(9):3067.
Van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, Tamin A, Harcourt JL, Thornburg NJ, Gerber SI, Lloyd-Smith JO, de Wit E, Munster VJ. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1564-7.
Gugnani N, Gugnani S. Safety protocols for dental practices in the COVID-19 era. EvidBasedDent. 2020 Jun;21(2):56-7.
Peters MDJ, Marnie C, Butler A. Policies and procedures for personal protective equipment: Does inconsistency increase risk of contamination and infection? Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;103653. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103653.
Zimmermann M, Nkenke E. Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. J CraniomaxillofacSurg. 2020;48(5):521-6. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2020.03.011.
Camargo MC, Martinez-Silveira MS, Lima AA, et alEffectiveness of the use of non-woven face mask to prevent coronavirus infections in the general population: a rapid systematic review.CienSaude Colet. 2020;25(9):3365-76. doi:10.1590/1413-81232020259.13622020.
Lepelletier D, Grandbastien B, Romano-Bertrand S, et alWhat face mask for what use in the context of COVID-19 pandemic? The French guidelines. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(3):414-8. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.036.
Swennen GRJ, Pottel L, Haers PE. Custom-made 3D-printed face masks in case of pandemic crisis situations with a lack of commercially available FFP2/3 masks.Int J Oral MaxillofacSurg. 2020;49(5):673-7.doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2020.03.015.
Nejatidanesh F, Khosravi Z, Goroohi H, Badrian H, Savabi O. Risk of Contamination of Different Areas of Dentist's Face During Dental Practices. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(5):611-5.
French Society of Stomatology, Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Oral Surgery (SFSCMFCO). Practitioners specialized in oral health and coronavirus disease 2019: Professional guidelines from the French society of stomatology, maxillofacial surgery and oral surgery, to form a common front against the infectious risk. J Stomatol Oral MaxillofacSurg. 2020;121(2):155-8. doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2020.03.011.
Huh S. How to train health personnel to protect themselves from SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus) infection when caring for a patient or suspected case. J EducEval Health Prof. 2020;17:10. doi:10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.10.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael Arantes Soares Reis, Gabriel da Silva Costa, Ana Luísa Castro, Caroline Weinert Marçal, Marcos Pereira Villa-Nova, Matheus Canova Machado
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores são detentores dos direitos autorais mediante uma licença CCBY 4.0.
