Resumo
O envelhecimento cutâneo é um processo multifatorial influenciado por mecanismos intrínsecos e extrínsecos. Diversas teorias explicam esse fenômeno, incluindo a teoria dos radicais livres, que atribui o envelhecimento ao estresse oxidativo causado pelas espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs); a teoria genética, que destaca o encurtamento dos telômeros e a senescência celular; e a teoria da glicação, que associa alterações estruturais do colágeno à formação de produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs). Além disso, a teoria inflamatória (inflammaging) relaciona o envelhecimento cutâneo a um estado inflamatório crônico de baixo grau, enquanto a teoria do declínio hormonal o associa à redução da síntese de colágeno e elastina. Outros mecanismos incluem a disfunção mitocondrial, a ineficiência no reparo do DNA, o desequilíbrio da microbiota cutânea, a sinalização por vesículas extracelulares e a mecano-senescência, que compromete a integridade da matriz extracelular. Fatores externos, como radiação ultravioleta, poluição e tabagismo, aceleram esses processos. Estratégias preventivas, como fotoproteção, uso de antioxidantes tópicos e uma alimentação equilibrada, são essenciais para minimizar os danos e favorecer o desenvolvimento de abordagens terapêuticas eficazes na dermatologia e na cosmetologia.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Carolina Angelini Grillo, Ana Carolina Cárnio Perales, Isabella Pimentel Mello Padovani, Júlia Casaroto Jodas Gardel, Camilla Herrera Marfil, Adélia Castilho dos Santos , Júlia Carletto de Paula e Silva, Giovana Araújo Misailidis , Giovanna Rosa Françoso, Ana Carolina Rossa Burato, Leticia Wessler