Palavras-chave
cirurgia conservadora da mama
mastectomia
taxas de mortalidade
sobrevida
Como Citar
Resumo
Esse atual estudo visa examinar a literatura sobre a eficácia da cirurgia conservadora da mama (BCS) em comparação com a mastectomia no tratamento do câncer de mama em estágio inicial, revisando as taxas de mortalidade e sobrevida, assim como fatores que influenciam a decisão das pacientes. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos indexados nas bases de dados MEDLINE-PubMed, LILACS-BVS e MEDLINE-BVS, publicados entre janeiro de 2014 e setembro de 2024. A pesquisa utilizou descritores como "Breast Conservative Surgery" e "breast cancer in situ", com critérios rigorosos de inclusão e exclusão. A seleção de estudos foi feita por dois revisores independentes, resultando na inclusão de 42 artigos relevantes. A pesquisa evidenciou que a BCS, embora mais utilizada, apresenta taxas de mortalidade superiores em comparação à mastectomia. A BCS mostrou taxas de sobrevida em 5 anos de 94,4% e 91,8% em 7 anos, contra 90% e 85,2% para a mastectomia, especialmente em pacientes acima de 50 anos. Além disso, fatores étnicos e culturais influenciam a aceitação da BCS entre as mulheres. Os resultados indicam que, apesar de a BCS ser uma opção viável, muitas mulheres, especialmente as mais jovens, preferem a mastectomia por acreditarem que esta reduz o risco de recorrência e mortalidade. A análise de viés metodológico nos estudos indica a necessidade de considerar fatores como idade, etnia e status socioeconômico nas decisões de tratamento. Estudos adicionais são necessários para avaliar mais profundamente a eficácia da BCS e o impacto de variáveis clínicas.
Referências
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