Challenges in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: A Global and Local Approach

Abstract

It is common knowledge that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most critical challenges to global public health in the 21st century. Defined as the ability of microorganisms—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—to withstand the effects of antimicrobial drugs, this resistance severely compromises the treatment of infectious diseases, increasing morbidity, mortality, and associated economic costs. In this context, this article aims to analyze the main challenges in combating antimicrobial resistance, focusing on the interaction between global and local approaches. To this end, the review followed a systematic approach to identify, select, and analyze relevant publications related to the topic, considering epidemiological, social, economic, and public policy aspects. Overall, the literature analysis revealed a series of interconnected challenges in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at both global and local levels. These challenges can be categorized into three major areas: determinants of dissemination, gaps in global and local strategies, and the socioeconomic impacts of AMR.