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As doenças cardiovasculares continuam sendo a primeira causa de morte no Brasil, responsáveis por quase 32% de todos os óbitos. Além disso, são a terceira maior causa de internações no país. Entre elas, o infarto agudo do miocárdio ainda é uma das maiores causas de morbidade e mortalidade. Apesar dos avanços terapêuticos das últimas décadas, o infarto ainda apresenta expressivas taxas de mortalidade e grande parte dos pacientes não recebe o tratamento adequado. O advento das Unidades Coronarianas e a introdução do tratamento de reperfusão com fibrinolíticos ou angioplastia primária foram fundamentais para reduzir a mortalidade e as complicações relacionadas à doença. Efeitos benéficos importantes do tratamento atual incluem redução da disfunção ventricular e melhor controle das arritmias. A necessidade de reperfusão precoce é crucial para o bom prognóstico do infarto do miocárdio. O objetivo dessa revisão é enfatizar conceitos atuais básicos em relação à fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio, de acordo com as diretrizes nacionais e internacionais
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