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A evolução da cirurgia ginecológica ao longo das últimas décadas reflete um avanço significativo na medicina, com a transição das técnicas convencionais para abordagens minimamente invasivas (TMIs), como a laparoscopia e a cirurgia robótica. Este artigo de revisão integrativa analisa criticamente essa evolução, comparando as técnicas tradicionais, que envolvem incisões maiores e maior morbidade, com as TMIs, que oferecem vantagens substanciais, incluindo menor trauma cirúrgico, recuperação acelerada, e redução de complicações pós-operatórias. A análise detalhada das intervenções cirúrgicas mais comuns na ginecologia, como histerectomia, miomectomia e tratamento da endometriose, evidencia a superioridade das TMIs em diversos aspectos, embora reconheça suas limitações, como a curva de aprendizado acentuada e os custos elevados. Com o desenvolvimento de técnicas minimamente invasivas, observou-se uma mudança para abordagens menos traumáticas, proporcionando menor dor pós-operatória, menores complicações e uma recuperação mais rápida. A laparoscopia, introduzida nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, e a cirurgia robótica, popularizada nos anos 2000, revolucionaram a prática ginecológica ao oferecer maior precisão e menos invasividade. Apesar das vantagens, essas técnicas enfrentam desafios como a curva de aprendizado e altos custos, especialmente em centros com menos recursos. Assim, conclui-se que a cirurgia ginecológica está em uma trajetória de transformação contínua, com as TMIs estabelecendo novos padrões de cuidado que priorizam a segurança, eficácia e recuperação das pacientes, ao mesmo tempo em que se preparam para integrar futuras inovações que potencialmente melhorarão ainda mais os desfechos clínicos.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Luana Sula Sousa dos Reis Araújo, Aline Reinert Dazzi, Felipe Meneguetti Caniato, Davit Willian Bailo, Pedro Marlo Triches, Isabele Seidl, Vanessa Mazzardo