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A esquizofrenia é um transtorno mental crônico e grave, caracterizado por uma desintegração dos processos de pensamento, emoção e comportamento. Clinicamente, é reconhecida como uma condição complexa e multifacetada que afeta aproximadamente 1% da população global. A etiologia da esquizofrenia é multifatorial, envolvendo uma combinação de predisposições genéticas, alterações neurobiológicas e fatores ambientais. O manejo da esquizofrenia envolve uma abordagem multimodal, que inclui tratamento farmacológico e psicossocial. Os antipsicóticos, divididos em antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos, são a pedra angular do tratamento farmacológico. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, a qual investigou sobre o manejo da esquizofrenia, pela coleta de dados nas plataformas PubMed, LILACS, Periódicos CAPES, EMBASE e Scielo, dos últimos 5 anos. Assim, os estudos revisados indicam avanços promissores no tratamento da esquizofrenia, com novas abordagens terapêuticas oferecendo alternativas à abordagem convencional. A M-ECT e novas drogas como KarXT e SEP-363856 mostram potencial significativo, mas a variabilidade nos resultados a longo prazo e os eventos adversos associados ressaltam a necessidade de mais pesquisas. Estudos futuros devem focar em avaliar a eficácia a longo prazo, a segurança dos novos tratamentos e a integração dessas novas abordagens nas práticas clínicas para otimizar o manejo da esquizofrenia e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
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