Palavras-chave
Neuroticismo
Personalidade Tipo A
Personalidade Tipo D
Reatividade ao estresse
Como Citar
Resumo
A evidência atual indica que os traços de personalidade influenciam significativamente a saúde cardiovascular, contribuindo para a prevenção e manejo das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Este estudo integra elementos de psicologia, medicina e ciências comportamentais para oferecer uma compreensão holística dos fatores que afetam as DCV. O artigo revisa a literatura sobre diferentes tipos de personalidade, com foco nas personalidades Tipo A e Tipo D, além dos traços dos Cinco Grandes, e como eles influenciam a saúde cardiovascular por meio de diversos mecanismos complexos. Traços como neuroticismo e hostilidade estão associados a um maior risco cardiovascular, enquanto a conscienciosidade atua como um fator protetor significativo. Esses traços afetam a saúde do coração por meio de mecanismos como reatividade ao estresse, comportamentos de saúde, suporte social e inflamação sistêmica. A reatividade exacerbada ao estresse em indivíduos com alto neuroticismo pode levar a uma ativação crônica do eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-adrenal e ao aumento dos níveis de cortisol, promovendo condições que favorecem a aterosclerose e outros processos patológicos cardiovasculares. A integração de avaliações de personalidade no atendimento clínico pode ajudar a identificar indivíduos em risco para intervenções direcionadas. O controle do estresse, a terapia cognitivo-comportamental e a atenção plena são recomendados para neuroticismo e personalidade do Tipo D. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para compreender os mecanismos e interações entre traços de personalidade, fatores psicossociais e saúde cardiovascular.
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