Palavras-chave
Coronavírus
Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde
Como Citar
Resumo
Introdução: A pandemia do coronavírus foi um período crítico para os estudantes de medicina, influenciando em diversos aspectos da vida desses acadêmicos e refletindo negativamente na prevalência de ansiedade nessa população. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade em estudantes de medicina durante a COVID-19 e os fatores associados. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura seguindo a pergunta norteadora: “Qual a prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade durante o período da COVID-19 entre os estudantes de medicina e quais os fatores associados?”. Os estudos foram extraídos das bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e National Library of Medicine. Foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências de Saúde, em português e inglês, sendo “Estudantes de Medicina” “Medical Students”, Ansiedade, Anxiety e COVID-19, associados ao operador booleano AND. Obteve-se, na pré-seleção, 128 artigos e na amostra final, 37 artigos foram selecionados a partir dos critérios de inclusão e por responderem a questão norteadora. Resultados: A prevalência de ansiedade destacou-se no intervalo de 60,1% a 70% entre os estudantes (n=11) e os principais fatores associados foram pertencer ao sexo feminino, estar nos períodos iniciais do e possuir histórico de transtornos mentais prévios. Conclusão: Esse cenário de alta prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade em estudantes de medicina durante a pandemia juntamente com os fatores associados encontrados demonstra que são necessárias medidas como campanhas e adoção de núcleos de apoio psicológico, envolvendo diferentes esferas, tais quais a família, as universidades e a atenção primária.
Referências
ALHARTHI, Ahmed S. et al. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Medical Students During COVID-19 at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman. Cureus, v. 15, n. 9, 2023.
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais: DSM-5. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2014.
ARAR, Fabiano Cassaño et al. Quality of life and mental health of medical students in the Covid-19 pandemic. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, v. 47, p. e040, 2023.
ASHIQ, Md Ashiqur Rahman et al. Depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19 among Bangladeshi medical students during the first wave of the pandemic: a mixed-methods study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, v. 14, p. 1142724, 2023.
AVILA-CARRASCO, Lorena et al. Anxiety, depression, and academic stress among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, v. 13, p. 1066673, 2023.
BAGHCHEGHI, Nayereh et al. Perceived challenges caused by Covid-19 outbreak in students of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, v. 27, n. 5, p. 406-412, 2022.
BILGI, Kadir et al. The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak on medical students. Frontiers in Psychiatry, v. 12, p. 637946, 2021.
BINTABARA, Deogratius et al. Mental health disorders among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the area with no mandatory lockdown: a multicenter survey in Tanzania. Scientific Reports, v. 14, n. 1, p. 3451, 2024.
BORGES, Tábata Milena Balestro. Trajetórias de feminização no trabalho hospitalar. 2018.
BROOKS, Samantha K. et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, v. 395, n. 10227, p. 912-920, 2020.
CAO, Wenjun et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, v. 287, p. 112934, 2020.
CARLETTO, Sara et al. The impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health in Medical students: a cross-sectional survey study in Italy. Psychological reports, v. 127, n. 2, p. 620-648, 2024.
CHANG, Wei-wei et al. The mental health status and associated factors among medical students engaged in online learning at home during the pandemic: a cross-sectional study from China. Frontiers in psychiatry, v. 12, p. 755503, 2021.
CHOOTONG, Rattanaporn et al. The association between physical activity and prevalence of anxiety and depression in medical students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, v. 75, p. 103408, 2022.
CIMEN, Irem Damla et al. Mental health of Turkish medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, v. 68, n. 6, p. 1253-1262, 2022.
CONCEIÇÃO, Ludmila de Souza et al. Saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina brasileiros: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Avaliação: Revista da Avaliação da Educação Superior (Campinas), v. 24, p. 785-802, 2019.
COSTA, Deyvison Soares da et al. Sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em estudantes de Medicina e estratégias institucionais de enfrentamento. Revista brasileira de educação médica, v. 44, p. e040, 2020.
COSTA, Ricardo Alves et al. Níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao coronavírus em estudantes de medicina. Debates em Psiquiatria, v. 12, p. 1-20, 2022.
DESSEN, Maria Auxiliadora; POLONIA, Ana da Costa. A família e a escola como contextos de desenvolvimento humano. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), v. 17, p. 21-32, 2007.
DZIEDZIC, Daphne Moreira et al. Ansiedade e insegurança em internos de medicina: uma análise sobre o impacto da pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. 2021.
ESSANGRI, Hajar et al. Predictive factors for impaired mental health among medical students during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, v. 104, n. 1, p. 95, 2021.
ESTRELA, Yoshyara da Costa Anacleto et al. Estresse e correlatos com características de saúde e sociodemográficas de estudantes de medicina. Revista CES MEDICINA, v.32, p.215 - 225, 2018.
EWID, Mohammed et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological status of undergraduate medical students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional double-scale study. Medicine, v. 102, n. 14, p. e33487, 2023.
GAO, Feng et al. The impact of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic on the mental health and employment decisions of medical students in North China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, v. 12, p. 641138, 2021.
GUO, Alyssa A.; CRUM, Marissa A.; FOWLER, Lauren A. Assessing the psychological impacts of COVID-19 in undergraduate medical students. International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 18, n. 6, p. 2952, 2021.
GUO, Ying et al. Depression and anxiety of medical students at Kunming Medical University during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey. Frontiers in Public Health, v. 10, p. 957597, 2022.
HALPERIN, Scott J. et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, v. 8, p. 2382120521991150, 2021.
HUARCAYA-VICTORIA, Jeff et al. Factors associated with mental health in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre quantitative study. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, v. 52, n. 3, p. 236-244, 2023.
IBRAHIM, Motaz B.; ABDELREHEEM, Moataz H. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical and pharmaceutical students in Alexandria University. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, v. 51, n. 2, p. 167-173, 2015.
JOHNS, Gemma; WADDINGTON, Louise; SAMUEL, Victoria. Prevalence and predictors of mental health outcomes in UK doctors and final year medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, v. 311, p. 267-275, 2022.
JUPINA, Madison; SIDLE, Meg Wright; REHMEYER CAUDILL, Cathryn J. Medical student mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The Clinical Teacher, v. 19, n. 5, p. e13518, 2022.
KHEIRALLAH, Khalid et al. Medical students’ relative immunity, or lack thereof, against COVID-19 emotional distress and psychological challenges; a descriptive study from Jordan. f1000research, v. 10, 2021.
KUMAN TUNÇEL, Özlem et al. The deep impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on medical students: An online cross‐sectional study evaluating Turkish students’ anxiety. International Journal of Clinical Practice, v. 75, n. 6, p. e14139, 2021.
LEE, Carmen M. et al. Anxiety, PTSD, and stressors in medical students during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One, v. 16, n. 7, p. e0255013, 2021.
LIU, Hui; LIU, Xin; XU, Weixian. Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, v. 8, n. 9, 2022.
MACHADO, Jordana Nascimento et al. Fatores associados aos níveis de estresse percebido em estudantes internos de um curso de medicina. Revista Brasileira Militar de Ciências, v. 6, n. 16, 2020.
MANGOLINI, Vitor Iglesias; ANDRADE, Laura Helena; WANG, Yuan-Pang. Epidemiologia dos transtornos de ansiedade em regiões do Brasil: uma revisão de literatura. Revista de Medicina, v. 98, n. 6, p. 415-422, 2019.
MIRILOVIĆ, Nikola; JANKOVIĆ, Janko; LATAS, Milan. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on students’ mental health: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, v. 17, n. 9, p. e0275167, 2022.
MONTENEGRO-PIRES, Julia Leite; DE SOUSA, Milena Nunes Alves de. Depressão entre estudantes de Medicina no ano de 2022: um estudo comparativo entre o ensino tradicional e o ativo. Revista CES Medicina. v.36, n. 3, p. 9- 25, 2022.
MOTA, Rafaela Cardozo et al. COVID-19 e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada: impacto da pandemia nos estudantes de Medicina. Revista Brasileira de Neurologia e Psiquiatria, v. 25, n. 2, 2021.
NAKHOSTIN-ANSARI, Amin et al. Depression and anxiety among Iranian medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Iranian journal of psychiatry, v. 15, n. 3, p. 228, 2020.
NISHIMURA, Yoshito et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological distress of medical students in Japan: cross-sectional survey study. Journal of medical Internet Research, v. 23, n. 2, p. e25232, 2021.
NUGRAHA, David et al. Evaluation of health-related quality of life and mental health in 729 medical students in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, v. 29, p. e938892-1, 2023.
OLIVEIRA, Eliany Nazaré et al. Covid-19: repercussões na saúde mental de estudantes do ensino superior. Saúde em Debate, v. 46, p. 206-220, 2022.
ORGANIZAÇÃO PAN-AMERICANA DA SAÚDE (OPAS). Coronavirus. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/topicos/coronavirus?adgroupsurvey=%7Badgroupsurvey%7D&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwoPOwBhAeEiwAJuXRh2Y3evyRVK1S5csf4B_D-7YTz0FMauR8mm4GTUDZAlARMSjRJ6c-sRoCexcQAvD_BwE . Acesso em: 29 abr. 2024a.
ORGANIZAÇÃO PAN-AMERICANA DA SAÚDE (OPAS). Histórico da Pandemia de COVID -19. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/covid19/historico-da-pandemia-covid-19 . Acesso em: 29 abr. 2024b.
PAZ, Dean C. et al. Impact of COVID-19 on Rocky Vista University medical students’ mental health: A cross-sectional survey. Frontiers in Psychology, v. 14, p. 1076841, 2023.
PENG, Pu et al. The prevalence and risk factors of mental problems in medical students during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, v. 321, p. 167-181, 2023.
PERISSOTTO, Thais et al. Mental health in medical students during COVID-19 quarantine: a comprehensive analysis across year-classes. Clinics, v. 76, p. e3007, 2021.
RIBEIRO, Rafaella do Carmo; DE SOUSA, Milena Nunes Alves. Relação entre estratégias de coping, dimensões da síndrome de burnout e qualidade de vida em estudantes de medicina. Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI (REUFPI), v.9, p. e9151, 2020.
SAFA, Farhana et al. Immediate psychological responses during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi medical students. Children and Youth Services Review, v. 122, p. 105912, 2021.
SHAILAJA, B. et al. COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath: Knowledge, attitude, behavior, and mental health-care needs of medical undergraduates. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, v. 29, n. 1, p. 51-60, 2020.
SHREEVASTAVA, Amit Kumar et al. Assessment of the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on undergraduate medical students in India. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, v. 11, n. 1, p. 214, 2022.
SOLTAN, Mohamed R.; SOLIMAN, Shaimaa S.; DAWOUD, Mariam E. A study of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms among Fayoum medical students during COVID-19 lockdown, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, v. 57, p. 1-6, 2021.
SOUZA, Alex Sandro Rolland; SOUZA, Gustavo Fonseca de Albuquerque; PRACIANO, Gabriella de Almeida Figueredo. A saúde mental das mulheres em tempos da COVID-19. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, v. 20, p. 659-661, 2020.
SOUZA, Gabriela Fonseca de Albuquerque et al. Fatores associados à ansiedade/depressão nos estudantes de Medicina durante distanciamento social devido à Covid-19. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, v. 46, n. 3, 2022.
TEH, Bentham Liang Sen et al. Psychological resilience and coping strategies with anxiety among Malaysian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 20, n. 3, p. 1894, 2023.
TEIXEIRA, Larissa de Araújo Correia et al. Saúde mental dos estudantes de Medicina do Brasil durante a pandemia da coronavirus disease 2019. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, v. 70, p. 21-29, 2021.
TIAN-CI QUEK, Travis et al. The global prevalence of anxiety among medical students: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 16, n. 15, p. 2735, 2019.
XIAO, Pei et al. Anxiety, depression, and satisfaction with life among college students in China: nine months after initiation of the outbreak of COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry, v. 12, p. 777190, 2022.
YEO, Sanghee et al. The mental health of medical students in Daegu during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Korean Journal of Medical Education, v. 35, n. 2, p. 125, 2023.
YIN, Yi et al. The association between social support, COVID-19 exposure, and medical students' mental health. Frontiers in Psychiatry, v. 12, p. 555893, 2021.
YUAN, Lulu et al. Comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms and the related factors among international medical students in China during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, v. 23, n. 1, p. 165, 2023.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Maira Monteiro Amorim, Ana Karoline Alves de Brito Marques, Wévelly de Lima Guedes, Fábia Paloma Costa de Almeida, Milena Nunes Alves de Sousa